References

Atmosphere

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Sea Ice

Giles, K. A., S. W. Laxon, and A. L. Ridout (2008), Circumpolar thinning of Arctic sea ice following the 2007 record ice extent minimum, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22502, doi:10.1029/2008GL035710.

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Rothrock, D.A., D.B. Percival, M. Wensnahan, The decline in arctic sea ice thickness: Separating the spatial, annual, and interannual variability in a quarter century of submarine data, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C05003, doi:10.1029/2007JC004252, 2008.

Ocean

McPhee, M. G., A. Proshutinsky, J. H. Morison, M. Steele, and M. B. Alkire, 2009: Rapid change in freshwater content of the Arctic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L10602, doi:10.1029/2009GL037525.

Proshutinsky, A. Y., and I. M. Ashik, E. N. Dvorkin, S. Häkkinen, R. A. Krishfield, and W. R. Peltier, 2004: Secular sea level change in the Russian sector of the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 109, C03042, doi:10.1029/2003JC002007.

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Woodgate, R. A., K. Aagaard, and T. J. Weingartner, 2006: Interannual changes in the Bering Strait fluxes of volume, heat and freshwater between 1991 and 2004. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15609, doi:10.1029/2006GL026931.

Vegetation

Bhatt, U., D. A. Walker, M. K. Raynolds, and J. Comiso, 2008: Circumpolar and regional analysis of the relationship between sea-ice variability, summer land-surface temperatures, Arctic tundra greenness and large-scale climate drivers (Abstract ID 363). NASA Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Joint Science Workshop, Adelphi, MD, NASA. [Available online at http://cce.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/meeting_2008/mtg2008_ab_search.pl.]

Bunn, A. G., S. J. Goetz, J. S. Kimball, and K. Zhang, 2007: Northern high-latitude ecosystems respond to climate change. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 88, 333-334.

Epstein, H. E., D. A. Walker, M. K. Raynolds, G. J. Jia, and A. M. Kelley, 2008: Phytomass patterns across a temperature gradient of the North American arctic tundra. J. Geophys. Res., 113, G03S02, doi:10.1029/2007JG000555.

Goetz, S. J., A. G. Bunn, G. J. Fiske, and R. A. Houghton, 2005: Satellite-observed photosynthetic trends across boreal North America associated with climate and fire disturbance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 13 521–13 525.

Jia, G. J., H. E. Epstein, and D. A. Walker, 2003: Greening of arctic Alaska, 1981–2001. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2067, doi:10.1029/2003GL018268.

Lawrence, D. M., A. G. Slater, R. A. Tomas, M. M. Holland, and C. Deser, 2008: Accelerated Arctic land warming and permafrost degradation during rapid sea ice loss. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L11506, doi:10.1029/2008GL033985.

Lucht, W., and Coauthors, 2002: Climatic control of the high-latitude vegetation greening trend and Pinatubo effect. Science, 296, 1687-1689.

Myneni, R. B., C. D. Keeling, C. J. Tucker, G. Asrar, and R. R. Nemani, 1997: Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991. Nature, 38, 698-702.

Tape, K., M. Sturm, and C. Racine, 2006: The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic. Global Change Biol., 12, 686–702.

Verbyla, D., 2008: The greening and browning of Alaska based on 1982–2003 satellite data. Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 17, 547–555.

Walker, D. A., and Coauthors, 2008: Arctic patterned- ground ecosystems: A synthesis of field studies and models along a North American Arctic Transect. J. Geophys. Res., 113, G03S01, doi:10.1029/2007JG000504.

Zhou, L., C. J. Tucker, R. K. Kaufmann, D. Slayback, N. V. Shabanov, I. Fung, and R. B. Myneni, 2001: Variations in northern vegetation activity inferred from satellite data of vegetation index during 1981 to 1999. J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D17), 20 069-20 083.

Permafrost

Couture, R., S. Smith, S. D. Robinson, M. M. Burgess, and S. Solomon, 2003: On the hazards to infrastructure in the Canadian North associated with thawing of permafrost. Proceedings of Geohazards, 3rd Canadian Conference on Geotechnique and Natural Hazards. The Canadian Geotechnical Society: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; 97–104.

Drozdov, D. S., G. V. Malkova, and V. P. Melnikov, 2008: Recent Advances in Russian Geocryological Research: A Contribution to the International Polar Year, In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, June 29-July 3, Fairbanks, Alaska, 2008, Vol. 1, pp. 379-384.

Harris, C., and W. Haeberli, 2003: Warming permafrost in European mountains, World Meteorol. Org. Bull., 52(3), 6 pp., see also Global and Planetary Change, 39(2003), 215-225.

IPCC, 2007: Climate change 2007: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.

Isaksen, K., D. Vonder Mühll, H. Gubler, T. Kohl, and J. L. Sollid, 2000: Ground surface temperature reconstruction based on data from a deep borehole in permafrost at Janssonhaugen, Svalbard. Annals of Glaciology, 31, 287-294.

Oberman, N. G., 2008: Contemporary Permafrost Degradation of Northern European Russia, In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, June 29-July 3, Fairbanks, Alaska, 2008, Vol. 2, pp. 1305-1310.

Oberman, N. G., and G. G. Mazhitova, 2001: Permafrost dynamics in the northeast of European Russia at the end of the 20th century. Norwegian J. of Geography, 55, 241-244.

Osterkamp, T. E., 2008: Thermal State of Permafrost in Alaska During the Fourth Quarter of the Twentieth Century (Plenary Paper), In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, June 29-July 3, Fairbanks, Alaska, 2008, Vol. 2, pp. 1333-1338.

Romanovsky, V. E., M. Burgess, S. Smith, K. Yoshikawa, and J. Brown, 2002: Permafrost temperature records: Indicator of climate change. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 83(50), 589, 593-594.

Romanovsky, V. E., S. Gruber, A. Instanes, H. Jin, S. S. Marchenko, S. L. Smith, D. Trombotto, and K. M. Walter, 2007: Frozen Ground, Chapter 7, In: Global Outlook for Ice and Snow, Earthprint, UNEP/GRID, Arendal, Norway, pp. 181-200.

Romanovsky, V. E., and Coauthors, 2008: Thermal State and Fate of Permafrost in Russia: First Results of IPY (Plenary Paper), In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, June 29-July 3, Fairbanks, Alaska, 2008, Vol. 2, pp. 1511-1518.

Smith, S. L., M. M. Burgess, D. Riseborough, and F. M. Nixon, 2005: Recent trends from Canadian permafrost thermal monitoring network sites. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 16, 19-30.

River Discharge

Mernild, S. H., G. E. Liston, C. A. Hiemstra, and K. Steffen, 2009: Record 2007 Greenland Ice Sheet surface melt extent and runoff. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 90, doi:10.1029/2009EO020002.

Peterson, B. J., R. M. Holmes, J. W. McClelland, C. J. Vorosmarty, R. B. Lammers, A. I. Shiklomanov, I. A. Shiklomanov, and S. Rahmstorf, 2002: Increasing river discharge to the Arctic Ocean. Science, 298, 2171-2173.

Shiklomanov A. I., T. I. Yakovleva , R. B. Lammers, I. Ph. Karasev, C. J. Vörösmarty, and E. Linder, 2006: Cold region river discharge uncertainty - estimates from large Russian rivers. J. of Hydrol., 326, 231–256.

Terrestrial Snow

Brasnett, B. 1999. A global analysis of snow depth for numerical weather prediction. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 38: 726-740.

Kitaev, L., E. Førland, V. Razuvaev, O. Tveito and O. Krueger. 2005. Distribution of snow cover over Northern Eurasia. Nordic Hydrology. 36: 311-319.

Wang, L., C. Derksen, and R. Brown. 2008. Detection of Pan-Arctic Terrestrial Snowmelt from QuikSCAT, 2000–2005. Remote Sensing of Environment. 112(10): 3794-3805.

Glaciers outside Greenland

Cazenave, A., Dominh, K., Guinehut, S., Berthier, E., Llovel, W., Ramillien, G., Ablain, M., and Larnicol, G. 2009. Sea level budget over 2003–2008: A reevaluation from GRACE space gravimetry, satellite altimetry and Argo. Global and Planetary Change, 65, 83–88.

England, J., Lakeman, T.R., Lemmen, D.S., Bednarski, J.M., Stewart, T.G., and Evans, D.J.A. 2008. A millennial-scale record of Arctic Ocean sea ice variability and the demise of the Ellesmere Island ice shelves. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L19502, doi:10.1029/2008GL034470.

Kaser, G., J.G. Cogley, M.B. Dyurgerov, M.F. Meier, and A. Ohmura, 2006: Mass balance of glaciers and ice caps: Consensus estimates for 1961–2004. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19501, doi:10.1029/2006GL027511.

Meier, M.F., Dyurgerov, M.B., Rick, U.K., O’Neel, S., Pfeffer, W.T., Anderson, R.S., Anderson, S.P., and Glazovsky, A.F. 2007. Glaciers Dominate Eustatic Sea-Level Rise in the 21st Century. Science 317, 1064-1067.

Mueller, D.R., Copland, L., Hamilton, A., and Stern, D. 2008: Examining Arctic Ice Shelves Prior to the 2008 Breakup. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 89, 502-503.

Greenland

Bales, R. C., E. Mosley-Thompson, and J. R. McConnell, 2001: Variability of accumulation in northwest Greenland over the past 250 years. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(14), 2679-2682.

Box, J. E., and A. E. Cohen, 2006: Upper-air temperatures around Greenland: 1964–2005. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L12706, doi:10.1029/2006GL025723.

Bromwich, D., J. Cassano, T. Klein, G. Heinemann, K. Hines, K. Steffen, and J. E. Box, 2001: Mesoscale modeling of katabatic winds over Greenland with the Polar MM5. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2290–2309.

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Cappelen, J., Ed., 2009: DMI monthly climate data collection 1768-2008, Denmark, The Faroe Islands and Greenland. Dansk Meterologisk Institut Tech. Rep. 09-05, 53 pp.

Cassano, J., J. E. Box, D. Bromwich, L. Li, and K. Steffen, 2001: Verification of polar MM5 simulations of Greenland’s atmospheric circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D24), 33 867–33 890.

Durre, I., R. S. Vose, and D. B. Wuertz, 2006: Overview of the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive. J. Climate, 19, 53–68.

Hanna, E., J. McConnell, S. Das, J. Cappelen, and A. Stephens, 2006: Observed and modeled Greenland Ice Sheet snow accumulation, 1958–2003, and links with regional climate forcing. J. Climate, 19, 344–358.

Krabill, W., and Coauthors, 2000: Greenland ice sheet: High-elevation balance and peripheral thinning. Science, 289, 428−430.

Liang S., J. Stroeve, and J. E. Box, 2005: Mapping daily snow/ice shortwave broadband albedo from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): The improved direct retrieval algorithm and validation with Greenland in situ measurement. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10109, doi:10.1029/2004JD005493.

Liu, H., L. Wang, and K. Jezek, 2005: Wavelet-based edge detection approach to derivation of snow-melt onset, duration and extent from satellite passive microwave measurements.

Luthcke, S. B., and Coauthors, 2006: Recent Greenland ice mass loss by drainage system from satellite gravity observations. Science, 24, 1286–1289.

Mosley-Thompson, E., and Coauthors, 2001: Local to regional-scale variability of annual net accumulation on the Greenland ice sheet from PARCA cores. J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D24), 33 839–33 851.

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Tedesco, M., X. Fettweis, M. van den Broeke, R. van de Wal, and P. Smeets, 2008: Extreme snowmelt in northern Greenland during summer 2008. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 89, 391, 10.1029/2008EO410004.

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Zwally, H. J., M. B. Giovinetto, J. Li, H. G. Cornejo, M. A. Beckley, A. C. Brenner, J. Saba, and Y. Donghui, 2005: Mass changes of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and shelves and contributions to sea-level rise: 1992–2002. J. Glaciol., 51, 509–527.

Reindeer Herds

Ulvevadet, B. and K. Klokov (editors) 2004. Family-based reindeer herding and hunting economies, and the status and management of wild reindeer/caribou populations. Arctic Council Report. Center for Saami Studies, University of Tromso, Norway. 170 pp.

Russell, D., G. Kofinas, and B. Griffith. 2000. Need and opportunity for a North American caribou knowledge cooperative. Polar Research, 19(1): 117-130.

Marine Mammals

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9. Richard, P.R. 2005. An estimate of the Western Hudson Bay beluga population size in 2004. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canadian Science Advisory Research Document, 2005/017.

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13. Hammill, M.O., V. Lesage, J.-F. Gosselin. 2005. Abundance of Eastern Hudson Bay belugas. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canadian Science Advisory Research Document, 2005/010.

14. Hammill, M. O., V. Lesage, J. F. Gosselin, H. Bourdages, B.G.E. de March, and M.C.S. Kingsley. 2004. Evidence of a decline in northern Quebec (Nunavik) belugas. Arctic 57:183-195.

15. Department of Fisheries and Oceans. 2002. Cumberland Sound Beluga. DFO Scientific Stock Status Report E5-32.

16. Innes, S., M.P. Heide-Jørgensen, J.L. Laake, K.L. Laidre, H.J. Cleator, P.R. Richard, and R.E.A Stewart. 2002. Surveys of belugas and narwhals in the Canadian high Arctic in 1996. NAMMCO Scientific Publications 4:147-190.

17. Heide-Jørgensen, M.P., and M. Aquarone. 2002. Size and trends of bowhead whales, beluga and narwhal stocks wintering off West Greenland. NAMMCO Scientific Publications 4: 191-210.

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19. Richard, P.R., J.L. Laake, R.C. Hobbs, M.P. Heide-Jørgensen, N.C. Asselin, and H. Cleator. Baffin Bay narwhal population distribution and numbers: aerial surveys in the Canadian High Arctic, 2002-2004. Arctic in press.

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22. Heide-Jørgensen, M.P. 2004. Aerial digital photographic surveys of narwhals, Monodon monoceros, in northwest Greenland. Marine Mammal Science 20:246-261.

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25. Karlsson, O., T. Härkönen, and B.M. Bäcklin. 2007. Seals on the increase (In Swedish -Sälar på uppgång). Havet 2007: 84-89.

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48. Jay, C.V., and A.S. Fischbach. 2008. Pacific walrus response to Arctic sea ice losses. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3041. (http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3041/)

49. Freitas, C., K.M. Kovacs, R.A. Ims, and C. Lydersen. 2008. Predicting habitat use by ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in a warming Arctic. Ecological Modelling 217:19-32.

50. Durner, G.M., D.C. Douglas, R.M. Nielson, S.C. Amstrup, T.L. McDonald, I. Stirling, M. Mauritzen, E.W. Born, Ø. Wiig, E. DeWeaver, M.C. Serreze, S.E. Belikov, M.M. Holland, J. Maslanik, J. Aars, D.A. Bailey, and A.E. Derocher. 2009. Predicting 21st-century polar bear habitat distribution from global climate models. Ecological Monographs 79:25-58.

51. Stirling, I., and T.G. Smith. 2004. Implications of warm temperatures and unusual rain event for the survival of ringed seals on the coast of southeastern Baffin Island. Arctic 57:59-67.

52. Heide-Jørgensen, M.P., and K.L. Laidre. 2004. Declining extent of open-water refugia for top predators in Baffin Bay and adjacent waters. Ambio 33:487-494.

53. Laidre, K.L., and M.P. Heide-Jøgensen. 2005. Arctic sea ice trends and narwhal vulnerability. Biological Conservation 121:509-517.

54. Ragen, T.J., H.P. Huntington, G.K. Hovelsrud. 2008. Conservation of Arctic marine mammals faced with climate change. Ecological Applications 18(2) Supplement: S166-S174.

55. Simpkins, M., K.M. Kovacs, K. Laidre, and L. Lowry. 2009. A Framework for Monitoring Arctic Marine Mammals - Findings of a Workshop Sponsored by the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Valencia, March 2007. CAFF International Secretariat, CAFF CBMP Report No. 16.

56. Thomas, P.O., and T.J. Ragen. 2009. Ensuring marine mammal conservation in a rapidly changing Arctic. WWF International Arctic Programme, The Circle 2:15-19.

Murres

Anker-Nilssen, T., Bakken, V., Ström, H., Golovkin, A.N., Bianki, V.V. and Tatarinkova, I.P. 2000. The status of marine birds breeding in the Barents Sea region.

Barrett, R.T. 2002. Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica and Common Guillemot Uria aalge chick diet and growth as indicators of fish stocks in the Barents Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 230: 275-287.

Barrett, R.T., Lorentsen, S.H. and Anker-Nilssen, T. 2006. The status of breeding seabirds in mainland Norway. Atlantic Seabirds 8: 97-126.

Circumpolar Seabird Working Group. 1996. International Murre Conservation Streategy and Actiona Plan. CAFF International Secretariat. Environment Canada, Ottawa. 11pp.

Dragoo, D. E., Byrd, G.V. and Irons, D.B. 2008. Breeding status, population trends and diets of seabirds in Alaska, 2005. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Report AMNWR 08/03. Homer, Alaska.

Elliott, K., Woo, K., Gaston, A.J., Benvenuti, S., Dall'Antonia, and Davoren, G. 2008. Foraging behaviour of an arctic seabird indicates prey type. Marine Ecology Progress Series 354: 289-303.

Falk, K., Benvenuti, S., Dall'antonia, L., Kampp, K., Ribolini, A. 2000. Time allocation and foraging behaviour of chick-rearing Brunnich's Guillemots Uria lomvia in high-arctic Greenland. Ibis 142: 82-92.

Gaston, A.J. and Jones, I.L. 1998. The Auks – Alcidae. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

Gaston, A.J., H.G. Gilchrist and J.M. Hipfner. 2005. Climate change, ice conditions and reproduction in an Arctic nesting marine bird: the thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia, L.). J. Animal Ecology 74: 832-841.

Gaston, A.J., Bertram, D.F., Boyne, A.W., Chardine, J.C., Davoren, G., Hedd, A., Hipfner, J.M., Lemon, M.J.F., Mallory, M.L., Montevecchi, W.A., Rail, J.F. and Robertson, G.W. 2009. Changes in Canadian seabird populations and ecology since 1970 in relation to changes in oceanography and food webs. Environmental reviews in press.

Irons, D.B., Anker-Nilssen, T., Gaston, A.J., Byrd, G.V., Falk, K., Gilchrist, G., Hario, M., Hjernquist, M., Krasnov, Y.V., Mosbech, A., Olsen, B., Petersen, A., Reid, J., Robertson, G., Strom, H. and Wohl, K.D. 2008. Magnitude of climate shift determines direction of circumpolar seabird population trends. Global Change Biology 14: 1455-1463.

Melvin, E. F., Parrish, J.K. and Conquest, L.L. 1999. Novel tools to reduce seabird bycatch in coastal gillnet fisheries. Conservation Biology 13: 1386-1397.

Osterblom, H., Bignert, A., Fransson, T. and Olsson, O. 2001. A decrease in fledging body mass in Common Guillemot Uria aalge chicks in the Baltic Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 224: 305-309.

Tull, C.E., Germain, P. and May, A.W. 1972. Mortality of Thick-billed Murres in the Greenland salmon fishery. Nature, Lond. 237: 42-44.

Vader W., Barrett R.T., Erikstad K.E. and Strann K.-B. 1990. Differential responses of Common and Thick-billed Murres to a crash in the Capelin stock in the southern Barents Sea. Studies in Avian Biology 14: 175-180.

Fisheries in the Bering Sea

Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation Report (SAFE Report) from NOAA / AFSC.

Fisheries in the Barents Sea

Norwegian Institute of Marine Research
http://www.imr.no/filarkiv/havets_ressurser_og_miljo_2009/tilstand_okosyst_BH2sammendrag.pdf/en

Arctic Char

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF). 2001. Arctic flora and fauna: status and conservation. Arctic Council Program for the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, Helsinki, Finland. 272 p.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada [DFO]. 2006. Underwater World: Arctic char. 2 p. [available from: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/zone/underwater_sous-marin/omble/char-omble_e.htm; accessed 21 July 2008].

Johnson, L. 1980. The Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus. In: Charrs: Salmonid fishes of the genus Salvelinus. Edited by: E.K. Balon. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, The Netherlands, p. 15–98.

Priest, H., and Usher, P.J. 2004. The Nunavut Wildlife Harvest Study, August 2004. Nunavut Wildlife Management Board, Iqaluit, NU. 814 p. + CD. [available from: http://www.nwmb.com/english/resources/publications.php; accessed: 24 July 2008].

Dempson, J.B., Shears, M., Furey, G., and Bloom, M. 2004. Review and status of north Labrador Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS) Research Document 2004/070: 46 p. [available from: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/284126.pdf; accessed: 24 July 2008].

DFO [Department of Fisheries and Oceans]. 2004a. Cambridge Bay Arctic char. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS) Stock Status Report 2004/10: 15 p. [available from: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/284796.pdf; accessed: 24 July 2008].

Tallman, R. 2005. Stock assessment report on Kipisa Arctic char. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS) Science Advisory Report 2005/028: 14 p. [available from: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/Csas/status/2005/SAR-AS2005_028_E.pdf; accessed: 24 July 2008].

Selected Recent Publications on Trends in Canadian Populations of Dolly Varden

DFO [Department of Fisheries and Oceans]. 2001. Rat River Dolly Varden. DFO Science Stock Status Report D5-61: 15 p. [available from: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/264842.pdf; accessed: 24 July 2008].

DFO [Department of Fisheries and Oceans]. 2002a. Babbage River Dolly Varden. DFO Science Stock Status Report D5-62: 12 p. [available from: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/Csas/status/2002/SSR2002_D5-62_e.pdf; accessed: 24 July 2008].

DFO [Department of Fisheries and Oceans]. 2002b. Big Fish River Dolly Varden. DFO Science Stock Status Report D5-60: 15 p. [available from: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/Csas/status/2002/SSR2002_D5-60_e.pdf; accessed: 24 July 2008].

DFO [Department of Fisheries and Oceans]. 2002c. Firth River Dolly Varden. DFO Science Stock Status Report D5-63: 12 p. [available from: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/Csas/status/2002/SSR2002_D5-63_e.pdf; accessed: 24 July 2008].

Goose Populations

Fox, A.D., Madsen, J., Boyd, H., Kuijken, E., Norris, D.W., Tombre, I.M., and Stroud, D.A. (2005) Effects of agricultural change on abundance, fitness components and distribution of two arctic-nesting goose populations. Glob. Change Biol., 11: 881–893.

Madsen, J., Reed, A., and Andre, A.(1996) Status and trends of geese (Branta and Anser sp.) in the world: Review, updating and evaluation. Gibier Faune Sauvage, Game Wildlife., 13: 337–353.

Van Eerden, M.R., Zijlstra, M., and Van Roomen, M. (1996) The response of Anatidae to changes in agricultural practice: long term shifts in the carrying capacity for wintering waterfowl. Gibier Faune Sauvage, Game Wildlife, 13: 681–706.

Wetlands International (2006) Waterbirds Population Estimates - Fourth edition.

Fox, A.D., Stroud, D.A., Walsh, A.J., Wilson, H.J., Norris, D.W., and Francis, I.S. (2006) The rise and fall of the Greenland White-fronted Goose: a case study in international conservation. Brit. Birds, 99: 242–261.

Kerbes, R.H., Kotanen, P.M., and Jefferies, R.L. (1990) Destruction of wetlands habitats by Lesser Snow Geese: a keystone species on the west coast of Hudson Bay. J. Appl. Ecol., 27: 242–258.

O'Connell, M.J., Huiskes, A.H.L., Loonen, M.J.J.E., Madsen, J., Klaassen, M., and Rounsevell, M. (2006) Developing an integrated approach to understanding the effects of climate change and other environmental alterations at a flyway level. Waterbirds around the World. Eds. G.C. Boere, C.A. Galbraith & D.A. Stroud. The Stationary Office, Edinburgh, UK. pp. 385–397.

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