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References

February 5, 2013

Temperature and Clouds

Liu, Y., J. R. Key, Z. Liu, X. Wang and S. J. Vavrus. 2012. A cloudier Arctic expected with diminishing sea ice. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L05705, doi:10.1029/2012GL051251.

Liu, Y., J. Key, J. Francis and X. Wang. 2007. Possible causes of decreasing cloud cover in the Arctic winter, 1982-2000. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L14705, doi:10.1029/2007GL030042.

Overland, J. E., J. A. Francis, E. Hanna and M. Wang. 2012. The recent shift in early summer arctic atmospheric circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., doi: 10.1029/2012GL053268. [In press].

Overland, J. E., K. R. Wood and M. Wang. 2011. Warm Arctic-cold continents: Impacts of the newly open Arctic Sea. Polar Res., 30, 15787, doi: 10.3402/polar.v30i0.15787.

Stroeve, J. C., M. C. Serreze, M. M. Holland, J. E. Kay, J. Maslanik and A. P. Barrett. 2012. The Arctic's rapidly shrinking sea ice cover: a research synthesis. Climatic Change, doi 10.1007/s10584-011-0101-1.

Ozone & UV Radiation

Bernhard, G., C. R. Booth and J. C. Ehramjian. 2008. Comparison of UV irradiance measurements at Summit, Greenland; Barrow, Alaska; and South Pole, Antarctica. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4799-4810. Available at: http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/4799/2008/acp-8-4799-2008.html.

Bojkov, R. D. and D. S. Balis. 2001. Characteristics of episodes with extremely low ozone values in the northern middle latitudes 1957-2000. Ann. Geophys., 19, 797-807. Available at: http://www.ann-geophys.net/19/797/2001/angeo-19-797-2001.html.

Butchart, N. and E. E. Remsberg. 1986. The area of the stratospheric polar vortex as a diagnostic for tracer transport on an isentropic surface. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1319-1339.

Manney, G. L., M. L. Santee, M. Rex., N. J. Livesey, M. C. Pitts, P. Veefkind, E. R. Nash, I. Wohltmann, R. Lehmann, L. Froidevaux, L. R. Poole, M. R. Schoeberl, D. P. Haffner, J. Davies, V. Dorokhov, H. Gernandt, B. Johnson, R. Kivi, E. Kyrö, N. Larsen, P. F. Levelt, A. Makshtas, C. T. McElroy, H. Nakajima, M. C. Parrondo, D. W. Tarasick, P. von der Gathen, K. A. Walker and N. S. Zinoviev. 2011. Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011 echoed the Antarctic ozone hole. Nature, 478, 469-475. Available at: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v478/n7370/full/nature10556.html.

McKinlay, A. F. and B. L. Diffey. 1987. A reference action spectrum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin. CIE Res. Note, 6(1), 17- 22.

Müller, R., J.-U. Grooß, C. Lemmen, D. Heinze, M. Dameris and G. Bodeker. 2008. Simple measures of ozone depletion in the polar stratosphere. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 251-264. Available at: http://www.atmos-chem-phys.org/8/251/2008/acp-8-251-2008.pdf.

Rex, M., R. J. Salawitch, P. von der Gathen, N. R. P. Harris, M. P. Chipperfield and B. Naujokat. 2004. Arctic ozone loss and climate change. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L04116, doi:10.1029/2003GL018844.

Weatherhead B., A. Tanskanen and A. Stevermer. 2005. Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation, Chapter 5 in Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, 1042 pp, Cambridge University Press, New York. Available at: http://www.acia.uaf.edu/PDFs/ACIA_Science_Chapters_Final/ACIA_Ch05_Final.pdf.

WHO. 2002. Global Solar UV Index: A Practical Guide, 28 pp., published by World Health Organization (WHO), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, ISBN 9241590076. Available at: http://www.who.int/uv/publications/en/GlobalUVI.pdf.

Greenhouse Gases

Bousquet, P., B. Ringeval, I. Pison, E. J. Dlugokencky, E.-G. Brunke, C. Carouge, F. Chevallier, A. Fortems-Cheiney, C. Frankenberg, D. A. Hauglustaine, P. B. Krummel, R. L. Langenfelds, M. Ramonet, M. Schmidt, L. P. Steele, S. Szopa, C. Yver, N. Viovy and P. Ciais. 2011. Source attribution of the changes in atmospheric methane for 2006-2008. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3689-3700, doi:10.5194/acp-11-3689-2011.

Dlugokencky, E. J., S. Houweling, L. Bruhwiler, K. A. Masarie, P. M. Lang, J. B. Miller and P. P. Tans. 2003. Atmospheric methane levels off: Temporary pause or a new steady-state? Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1992, doi:10.1029/2003GL018126.

Dlugokencky E.J., L. Bruhwiler, J. W. C. White, L. K. Emmons, P. C. Novelli, S. A. Montzka, K. A. Masarie, P. M. Lang, A. M. Crotwell, J. B. Miller and L. V. Gatti. 2009. Observational constraints on recent increases in the atmospheric CH4 burden. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L18803, doi:10.1029/2009GL039780.

Forster, P., V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, T. Berntsen, R. Betts, D.W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D.C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulz and R. Van Dorland. 2007. Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA.

McGuire, D. A., L. G. Anderson, T. R. Christensen, S. Dallimore, L. Guo, D. J. Hayes, M. Heimann, T. D. Lorenson, R. W. Macdonald and N. Roulet. 2009. Sensitivity of the carbon cycle in the Arctic to climate change. Ecol. Monogr., 79(4), 523-555.

McGuire, D. A., T. R. Christensen, D. Hayes, A. Heroult, E. Euskirchen, J. S. Kimball, C. Koven, P. Lafleur, P. A. Miller, W. Oechel, P. Peylin, M. Williams and Y. Yi. 2012. An assessment of the carbon balance of Arctic tundra: Comparisons among observations, process models and atmospheric inversions. Biogeosci., 9, 3185-3204, doi:10.5194/bg-9-3185-2012.

Schaefer, K., T. Zhang, L. Brujwiler and A. P. Barrett. 2011. Amount and timing of permafrost carbon release in response to climate warming. Tellus, 63(2), 165-180, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00527.x.

Shakhova, N, I. Semiletov, A. Salyuk, V. Yusupov, D. Kosmach and Ö. Gustafsson. 2010. Extensive methane venting to the atmosphere from sediments of the East Siberian Arctic shelf. Science, 327, 1246-1250, doi:10.1126/science.1182221.

Tans, P. 2009. An accounting of the observed increase in oceanic and atmospheric CO2 and an outlook for the future. Oceanogr., 22(4), 26-35.

Tarnocai, C., J. G. Canadell, E. A. G. Schuur, P. Kuhry, G. Mazhitova and S. Zimov. 2009. Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, GB2023, doi:10.1029/2008GB003327.

Sea Ice

Maslanik J. A., C. Fowler, J. Stroeve, S. Drobot, J. Zwally, D. Yi and W. Emery. 2007. A younger, thinner Arctic ice cover: Increased potential for rapid, extensive sea-ice loss. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L24501, doi:10.1029/2007GL032043.

Maslanik, J., J. Stroeve, C. Fowler and W. Emery. 2011. Distribution and trends in Arctic sea ice age through spring 2011. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13502, doi:10.1029/2011GL047735.

Tschudi, M. A., Fowler, C., Maslanik and J. A., Stroeve. 2010. Tracking the movement and changing surface characteristics of Arctic sea ice. IEEE J. Selected Topics in Earth Obs. and Rem. Sens., 10.1109/JSTARS.2010.2048305.

Ocean

Henry, O., P. Prandi, W. Llovel, A. Cazenave, S. Jevrejeva, D. Stammer, B. Meyssignac and N. Koldunov. 2012. Tide gauge-based sea level variations since 1950 along the Norwegian and Russian coasts of the Arctic Ocean: Contribution of the steric and mass components. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C06023, doi:10.1029/2011JC007706.

Jackson, J.M., W.J. Williams and E.C. Carmack. 2012. Winter sea-ice melt in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L03603, doi:10.1029/2011GL050219.

Kawaguchi, Y., M. Itoh and S. Nishino. 2012. Detailed survey of a large baroclinic eddy with extremely high temperatures in the Western Canada Basin. Deep Sea Res., I 66, 90-102, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2012.04.006.

Morison, J., R. Kwok, C. Peralta-Ferriz, M. Alkire, I. Rigor, R. Andersen and M. Steele. 2012. Changing Arctic Ocean freshwater pathways. Nature, 481, 66-70.

Pickart, R.S., M. Spall and J. Mathis. 2012. Dynamics of upwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea and associated shelf-basin fluxes. Submitted to Deep Sea Res.

Proshutinsky A., M.-L. Timmermans, I. Ashik, A. Beszczynska-Moeller, E. Carmack, I. Frolov, R. Krishfield, F. McLaughlin, J. Morison, I. Polyakov, K. Shimada, V. Sokolov, M. Steele, J. Toole and R. Woodgate. 2011. The Arctic (Ocean) [in "State of the Climate in 2010"]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 92(6), S145-S148.

Proshutinsky, A. and M. Johnson. 1997. Two circulation regimes of the wind-driven Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 102(C9 June 15), 12493-12514.

Proshutinsky, A. and M. Johnson. 2011. Arctic Ocean Oscillation Index (AOO): Interannual and decadal changes of the Arctic climate. Geophys. Res. Abstr., 13, EGU2011-7850, 2011, EGU General Assembly 2011.

Proshutinsky, A., I. M. Ashik, E. N. Dvorkin, S. Hakkinen, R. A. Krishfield and W. R. Peltier. 2004. Secular sea level change in the Russian sector of the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 109, C03042, doi:10.1029/2003JC002007.

Proshutinsky, A., R. Krishfield, M.-L. Timmermans, J. Toole, E. Carmack, F. McLaughlin, W. J. Williams, S. Zimmermann, M. Itoh and K. Shimada. 2009. Beaufort Gyre freshwater reservoir: State and variability from observations. J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2008JC005104.

Reynolds, R. W., T. M Smith, C. Liu, D. B. Chelton, K. S. Casey and M. G. Schlax. 2007. Daily high-resolution-blended analyses for sea surface temperature. J. Climate, 20, 5473-5496.

Roach, A. T., K. Aagaard, C. H. Pease, S. A. Salo, T. Weingartner, V. Pavlov and M. Kulakov. 1995. Direct measurements of transport and water properties through the Bering Strait. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C9), 18443-18457.

Thompson, D. W. J. and J. M. Wallace. 1998. The Arctic oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25(9), 1297-1300.

Timmermans, M.-L., A. Proshutinsky, R. A. Krishfield, D. K. Perovich, J. A. Richter-Menge, T. P. Stanton and J. M. Toole, 2011. Surface freshening in the Arctic Ocean's Eurasian Basin: An apparent consequence of recent change in the wind-driven circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C00D03, doi:10.1029/2011JC006975.

Timokhov, L. and F. Tanis, Eds. 1997 & 1998. Environmental Working Group Joint U.S.-Russian Atlas of the Arctic Ocean-Winter Period. Environmental Research Institute of Michigan in association with the National Snow and Ice Data Center, Arctic Climatology Project, CD-ROM.

Woodgate, R. A., K. Aagaard and T. J. Weingartner. 2006. Interannual Changes in the Bering Strait Fluxes of Volume, Heat and Freshwater between 1991 and 2004. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15609, doi: 10.1029/2006GL026931.

Woodgate, R. A., T. J. Weingartner and R. W. Lindsay. 2010. The 2007 Bering Strait Oceanic Heat Flux and anomalous Arctic Sea-ice Retreat. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L01602, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041621.

Woodgate, R. A., T. J. Weingarter and R. Lindsay. In press. Observed increases in oceanic fluxes from the Pacific to the Arctic from 2001 to 2011 and their impacts on the Arctic. Geophys. Res. Lett., doi:10.1029/2012GL054092.

Seabirds

Blais, J. M., L. E. Kimpe, D. McMahon, B. E. Keatley, M. L. Mallory, M. S. V. Douglas and J. P. Smol. 2005. Arctic seabirds transport marine-derived contaminants. Science, 309, 445.

Dragoo, D. E., H. M. Renner and D. B. Irons. 2012. Breeding status, population trends and diets of seabirds in Alaska, 2009. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report AMNWR 2012/01. Homer, Alaska.

Frederiksen, M. and thirty others. 2012. Multicolony tracking reveals the winter distribution of a pelagic seabird on an ocean basin scale. Divers. Distrib., 18, 530-542.

Gilchrist, H. G. and M. L. Mallory. 2005. Declines in abundance and distribution of the Ivory Gull (Pagophila eburnea) in Arctic Canada. Biological Conservation, 121(2), 303-309.

Grémillet, D., J. Welcker, N. J. Karnovsky, W. Walkusz, M. E. Hall, J. Fort, Z. W. Brown, J. R. Speakman and A. M. A. Harding. 2012. Little auks buffer the impact of current Arctic climate change. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 454, 197-206.

Harding, A. M. A., J. Welcker, H. Steen, K. Hamer, A. S. Kitaysky, J. Fort, S. L. Talbot, L. Cornick, N. J. Karnovsky, G. Gabrielsen and D. Grémillet. 2011. Adverse foraging conditions may impact body mass and survival of a High Arctic seabird. Oecologia, 167, 49-59.

Irons, D. B., T. Anker-Nilssen, A. J. Gaston, G. V. Byrd, K. Falk, G. Gilchrist, M. Hario, M. Hjernquist, Y. V. Krasnov, A. Mosbech, B. Olsen, A. Petersen, J. Reid, G. Robertson, H. Strom and K. D. Wohl. 2008. Magnitude of climate shift determines direction of circumpolar seabird population trends. Glob. Change Biol., 14, 1455-1463.

Jakubas D. and K. Wojczulanis-Jakubas. Rates and consequences of relaying in little auks Alle alle breeding in the High Arctic - an experimental study with egg removal. J. Avian Biol., in press.

Jakubas, D., M. Głuchowska, K. Wojczulanis-Jakubas, N. J. Karnovsky, L. Keslinka, D. Kidawa, W. Walkusz, R. Boehnke , M. Cisek, S. Kwaśniewski and L. Stempniewicz. 2011. Different foraging effort does not influence body condition and stress level in little auks. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 432, 277-290.

Karnovsky, N. J., J. Welcker, A. M. A. Harding, Z. W. Brown, W. Walkusz, A. Cavalcanti, J. Hardin, A. Kitaysky, G. Gabrielsen and D. Grémillet. 2011. Inter-colony comparison of diving behavior of an Arctic top predator: Implications for warming in the Greenland Sea. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 440, 229-240.

Karnovsky, N. J., A. Harding, W. Walkusz, S. Kwaśniewski, I. Goszczko, J. Wiktor, H. Routti, A. Bailey, L. McFadden, Z. Brown, G. Beaugrand and D. Grémillet. 2010. Foraging distributions of little auks across the Greenland Sea: Implications of present and future Arctic climate change. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 415, 283-293.

Karnovsky, N. J., S. Kwaśniewski, J. M. Węsławski, W. Walkusz and A. Beszczyńska-Möller. 2003. The foraging behavior of little auks in a heterogeneous environment. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 253, 289-303.

Kwasniewski, S., M. Gluchowska, W. Walkusz, N. J. Karnovsky, D. Jakubas, K. Wojczulanis-Jakubas, A. M. A. Harding, I. Goszczko, M. Cisek, A. Beszczynska-Möller, W. Walczowski, J. M. Weslawski and L. Stempniewicz. 2012. Interannual changes in zooplankton on the West Spitsbergen Shelf in relation to hydrography and their consequences for the diet of planktivorous seabirds. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 69(5), 890-901.

Moe, B., L. Stempniewicz , D. Jakubas, F. Angelier, O. Chastel, F. Dinessen, G. W. Gabrielsen, F. Hanssen, N.J. Karnovsky, B. Rønning, J. Welcker, K. Wojczulanis-Jakubas and C. Bech. 2009. Climate change and phenological responses of two seabird species breeding in the high-Arctic. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 393, 235-246.

Moline, M. A., N. J. Karnovsky, Z. Brown, G. J. Divoky, T. R. Frazer, C. A. Jacoby, J. J. Torres and W. R. Fraser. 2008. High latitude changes in ice dynamics and their impact on Polar marine ecosystems. In The Year in Ecology and Conservation Biology, R. S. Ostfield and W. H. Schlesinger (eds.), Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 1134, 267-319.

Piechura, J. and W. Walczowski. 2009. Warming of the west Spitsbergen Current and sea ice north of Svalbard. Oceanologia, 51(2), 147-164.

Petersen, A., D. Irons, T. Anker-Nilssen, Yu. Artukhin, R. Barrett, D. Boertmann, C. Egevang, M.V. Gavrilo, G. Gilchrist, M. Hario, M. Mallory, A. Mosbech, B. Olsen, H. Osterblom, G. Robertson and H. Strom. 2008. Framework for a Circumpolar Arctic Seabird Monitoring Network. CAFF CBMP Report no. 15. 64 pp.

Petersen, A., D. Irons, Yu. Artukhin, R. Barrett, D. Boertmann, M. V. Gavrilo, G. Gilchrist, M. Hario, K. Kampp, A. Mosbech, B. Olsen, H. Osterblom, G. Robertson and H. Strǿm, 2012. Circumpolar Arctic Seabirds: Population Status and Trends. CAFF CBMP Report, in press.

Point, D., J. E. Sonke, R. D. Day, D. G. Roseneau, K. A. Hobson, S. S. Vander Pol, A. J. Moors, R. S. Pugh, O. F. X. Donard and P. R. Becker. 2011. Methylmercury photodegradation influenced by sea-ice cover in Arctic marine ecosystems. Nature Geosci., 4, 188-194, doi:10.1038/ngeo1049.

Sigler, M. F., M. Renner, S. L. Danielson, L. B. Eisner, R. R. Lauth, K. J. Kuletz, E. A. Logerwell and G. L. Hunt, Jr. 2011. Fluxes, fins, and feathers: Relationships among the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas in a time of climate change. Oceanogr., 24(3), 250-265.

Scott, C. L., S. Kwasniewski, S. Falk-Petersen and J. R. Sargent. 2000. Lipids and life strategies of Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus in late autumn, Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polar Biol., 23, 510-516.

Vander Pol, S. S. and P. R. Becker. 2007. Monitoring contaminants in seabirds: the importance of specimen banking. Marine Ornithology 35: 113-118.

Welcker, J., A. Harding, N. Karnovsky, H. Steen, H. Strøm and G. Gabrielsen. 2009. Flexibility in the bimodal foraging strategy of a high Arctic alcid, the little auk Alle alle. J. Avian Biol., 40, 388-399.

Primary Productivity & Nutrients

Arrigo, K. R., D. K. Perovich, R. S. Pickart, Z. W. Brown, G. L. van Dijken, K. E. Lowry, M. M. Mills, M. A. Palmer, W. M. Balch, F. Bahr, N. R. Bates, C. Benitez-Nelson, B. Bowler, E. Brownlee, J. K. Ehn, K. E. Frey, R. Garley, S. R. Laney, L. Lubelczyk, J. Mathis, A. Matsuoka, B. G. Mitchell, G. W. K. Moore, E. Ortega-Retuerta, S. Pal, C. M. Polashenski, R. A. Reynolds, B. Scheiber, H. M. Sosik, M. Stephens and J. H. Swift. 2012. Massive phytoplankton blooms under Arctic sea ice. Science, 336, 1408, doi:10.1126/science.1215065.

Dupont, F. 2012. Impact of sea-ice biology on overall primary production in a biophysical model of the pan-Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C00D17, doi:10.1029/2011JC006983.

Fujiwara, A., T. Hirawake, K. Suzuki and S. I. Saitoh. 2011. Remote sensing of size structure of phytoplankton communities using optical properties of the Chukchi and Bering Sea shelf region. Biogeosci., 8, 3567-3580.

Frey, K. E., D. K. Perovich and B. Light. 2011. The spatial distribution of solar radiation under a melting Arctic sea ice cover. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L22501, doi:10.1029/2011GL049421.

Lee, S. H., C. P. McRoy, H. M. Joo, R. Gradinger, X. Cui, M. S. Yun, K.H. Chung, S. H. Kang, C. K. Kang, E. J. Choy, S. Son, E. Carmack and T. E. Whitledge. 2011. Holes in progressively thinning Arctic sea ice lead to new ice algae habitat. Oceanography, 24(3), 302-308, http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2011.81.

Lee, S. H., D. A. Stockwell, H. M. Joo, Y. B. Son, C. K. Kang and T. E. Whitledge. 2012. Phytoplankton production from melting ponds on Arctic sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C04030, doi:10.1029/2011JC007717.

Li, W. K. W., F. A. McLaughlin, C. Lovejoy and E. C. Carmack. 2009. Smallest algae thrive as the Arctic Ocean freshens. Science, 326, 539.

McLaughlin, F. A. and E. C. Carmack. 2010. Deepening of the nutricline and chlorophyll maximum in the Canada Basin interior, 2003-2009. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L24602, doi:10.1029/2010GL045459.

Perrette, M., A. Yool, G. D. Quartly and E. E. Popova. 2011. Near-ubiquity of ice-edge blooms in the Arctic. Biogeosci., 8, 515-524.

Barrow Canyon Ecosystem

Aagaard, K. and A. T. Roach, 1990. Arctic ocean-shelf exchange: Measurements in Barrow Canyon, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18,163 - 18, 175.

Cavalieri, D., C. Parkinson, P. Gloersen and H. J. Zwally. 2008. Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I Passive Microwave Data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media.

Grebmeier, J. M. 2012. Shifting patterns of life in the Pacific Arctic and Sub-Arctic seas. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 4, 63-78.

Grebmeier, J. M, S. E. Moore, J. E. Overland, K. E. Frey and R. Gradinger. 2010. Biological response to recent Pacific Arctic sea ice retreats. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 91(18), 161-162.

Münchow, A. and E. C. Carmack. 1997. Synoptic flow and density observations near an Arctic shelf break. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1402-1419.

Nikolopoulos, A., R. S. Pickart, P. S. Fratantoni, K. Shimada, D. J. Torres and E. P. Jones. 2009. The western Arctic boundary current at 152ºW: Structure, variability, and transport. Deep Sea Res. II, 56, 1164-1181.

Pickart, R. S., M. A. Spall and J. T. Mathis. 2012. Dynamics of upwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea and associated shelf-basin fluxes. Deep Sea Res. I, submitted.

Schulze, L. M. and R. S. Pickart. 2012. Seasonal variation of upwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C06022, doi:10.1029/2012JC007985.

Fish & Fisheries

Arnason, R. 2012. Global warming: New challenges for the common fisheries policy? Ocean & Coastal Management, in press.

Cheung, W. W. L., V. W. Y. Lam, J. L. Sarmiento, K. Kearney, R. Watson and D. Pauly. 2009. Projecting global marine biodiversity impacts under climate change scenarios. Fish and Fisheries, 10, 235-251.

Fluharty, D. 2012. Recent developments at the federal level in ocean policymaking in the United States. Coastal Management, 40(2), 209-221.

Fortier, L. 2012. Active acoustic mapping of fish in the Beaufort Sea. Beaufort Regional Environmental Assessment (BREA), Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, http://www.beaufortrea.ca/research/active-acoustic-mapping-of-fish-in-the-beaufort-sea/ (accessed 3 November, 2012).

Gutierrez, N. L., R. Hilborn and O. Defeo. 2011. Leadership, social capital and incentives promote successful fisheries. Nature, 470(7334), 386-389.

Hollowed, A. B., H. Loeng and B. Planque. Potential movement of fish and shellfish stocks from the Sub-Arctic to the Arctic Ocean. Fisheries Oceanogr., submitted.

Hunt Jr., G. L. and fourteen others. The Barents and Chukchi seas: Comparison of two Arctic shelf ecosystems. J. Mar. Sys., in press.

Huse, G. and I. Ellingsen. 2008. Capelin migrations and climate change - a modelling analysis. Climatic Change, 87, 177-197.

Levin, P. S., M. J. Fogarty, S. A. Murawski and D. Fluharty. 2009. Integrated ecosystem assessments: Developing the scientific basis for ecosystem-based management of the ocean. PLoS ONE, 7(1), 23-28.

Mueter, F. J., N. A. Bond, J. N. Ianelli and A. B. Hollowed. 2011. Expected declines in recruitment of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea under future climate change. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 68(6), 1284-1296.

Rand, K. M. and E. A. Logerwell. 2011. The first demersal trawl survey of benthic fish and invertebrates in the Beaufort Sea since the late 1970s. Polar Biol., 34, 475-488.

Reist, J. 2012. Impacts of Development in the Beaufort Sea on Fish, their Habitats and Ecosystems. Beaufort Regional Environmental Assessment (BREA), Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, http://www.beaufortrea.ca/research/impacts-of-development-in-the-beaufort-sea-on-fish-their-habitats-and-ecosystems/ (accessed 3 November, 2012).

Sigler, M. F., M. Renner, S. L. Danielson, L. B. Eisner, R. R. Lauth, K. J. Kuletz, E. A. Logerwell and G. L. Hunt, Jr. 2011. Fluxes, fins, and feathers: Relationships among the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas in a time of climate change. Oceanogr., 24(3), 250-265.

Slagstad, D., I. H. Ellingsen and P. Wassmann. 2011. Evaluating primary and secondary production in an Arctic Ocean void of summer sea ice: An experimental simulation approach. Progr. Oceanogr., 90(1-4), 117-131.

Stabeno, P. and eight others. 2012. A comparison of the physics of the northern and southern shelves of the eastern Bering Sea and some implications for the ecosystem. Deep Sea Res. II, 65-70, 14-30.

Wassmann, P., C. M. Duarte, S. Agusti and M. Sejr. 2011. Footprints of climate change in the Arctic marine ecosystem. Glob. Change Biol., 17, 1235-1249.

Wilson, W. J. and O. A. Ormseth. 2009. A new management plan for Arctic waters of the United States. Fisheries, 34(11), 555-558.

Marine Mammals

Bailleul, F., V. Lesage, M. Power, D. W. Doidge and M. O. Hammill. 2012. Migration phenology of beluga whales in a changing Arctic. Climate Res., 53, 169-178.

CAFF. Status and Trends in Arctic Biodiversity. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), Akureyri, Iceland, in press.

Chambellant, M., I. Stirling, W. A. Gough and S. H. Ferguson. 2012a. Temporal variations in Hudson Bay ringed seal (Phoca hispida) life-history parameters in relation to environment. J. Mammal., 93, 267-281.

Chambellant, M., N. J. Lunn and S. H. Ferguson. 2012b. Temporal variation in distribution and density of ice-obligated seals in western Hudson Bay, Canada. Polar Biol., online, doi:10.1007/s00300-012-1159-6.

Goetz, K. T., R. A. Montgomery, J. M. Ver Hoef, R. C. Hobbs and D. S. Johnson. 2012. Identifying essential summer habitat of the endangered beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas in Cook Inlet, Alaska. Endangered Species Res., 16, 135-147.

Laidre, K. and M. P. Heide-Jørgensen. 2012. Spring partitioning of Disko Bay, West Greenland, by Arctic and Subarctic baleen whales. ICES J. Marine Sci., doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fss095.

Moore, S. E., K. M. Stafford, et al. 2012. Comparing marine mammal acoustic habitats in Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the High Arctic: Year-long records from Fram Strait and the Chukchi Plateau. Polar Biol., 35(3), 475-480.

Stafford, K.M., S.E. Moore, C. L. Berchok, Ø. Wiig, C. Lydersen, E. Hansen, D. Kalmbach and K. M. Kovacs. 2012. Spitsbergen's endangered bowhead whales sing through the polar night. Endangered Species Res., 18, 95-103.

Wheeler, B., M. Gilbert and S. Rowe. 2012. Definition of critical summer and fall habitat for bowhead whales in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Endangered Species Res., 17, 1-16.

Benthos

Archambault, P., P. V. R. Snelgrove, J. A. D. Fisher, J. M. Gagnon, D. J. Garbary, M. Harvey, E. L. Kenchington, V. Lesage, M. Lévesque, C. Lovejoy, D. L. Mackas, C. W. McKindsey, J. R. Nelson, P. Pepin, L. Piché and M. Poulin. 2010. From sea to sea: Canada's three oceans of biodiversity. PLoS ONE, 5(8), e12182. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012182.

Anisimova, N. A, L. L. Jørgensen, P. Lubin and I. Manushin. 2011. Chapter 4.1.2. Benthos. The Barents Sea. Ecosystem, Resources, Management. Half a Century of Russian-Norwegian Cooperation, T. Jakobsen and V. K. Ozhigin (eds.), Tapir Academic Press, Trondheim, 315-328.

Bergmann, M., T. Soltwedel and M. Klages. 2011. The interannual variability of megafaunal assemblages in the Arctic deep sea: Preliminary results from the HAUSGARTEN observatory (79°N). Deep-Sea Res. I, 58, 711-723.

Blicher, M. E., S. Rysgaard and M. K. Sejr. 2010. Seasonal growth variation in Chlamys islandica (Bivalvia) from Sub-Arctic Greenland is linked to food availability and temperature. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 407, 71-86.

Bluhm, B. A., W. G. Ambrose, Jr., M. Bergmann, L. M. Clough, A. V. Gebruk, C. Hasemann, K. Iken, M. Klages, I. R. MacDonald, P. E. Renaud, I. Schewe, T. Soltwedel and M. Włodarska-Kowalczuk. 2011. Diversity of the arctic deep-sea benthos. Marine Biodiv., 41, 87-107.

Brown, T. A. and S. T. Belt, 2012. Identification of the sea ice diatom biomarker IP25 in Arctic benthic macrofauna: direct evidence for a sea ice diatom diet in Arctic heterotrophs. Polar Biol., 35, 131-137.

Briggs, J. C. and B. W. Bowden. 2012. A realignment of marine biogeographic provinces with particular reference to fish distribution. J. Biogeogr., 39, 12-30.

Dauvin, J. C., A. Sandrine, A. Weppe and G. Guðmundsson. 2012. Diversity and zoogeography of Icelandic deep-sea Ampeliscidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Deep-Sea Res. I, 68, 12-23.

Denisenko, S. G. 2007. Zoobenthos of the Barents Sea in the conditions of the variable climate and anthropogenic influence. Dynamics of marine ecosystem and modern problem of conservation of biological resources of the Russian seas, V. G. Tarasov (ed.), Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 418-511, in Russian.

Dunton, K. H., S. V. Schonberg and L. W. Cooper. 2012. Food web structure of the Alaskan nearshore shelf and estuarine lagoons of the Beaufort Sea. Estuar. Coasts, 35, 416-435.

Grebmeier, G. M. 2012. Shifting patterns of life in the Pacific Arctic and sub-Arctic Seas. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 4, 16.1-16.16.

Kenchington, E., H. Link, V. Roy, P. Archambault, T. Siferd, M. Treble and V. Wareham. 2011. Identification of Mega- and Macrobenthic Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) in the Hudson Bay Complex, the Western and Eastern Canadian Arctic. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2011/071. vi + 52 p.

Kozlovskiy, V. V., Chikina, M. V., Kucheruk, N. V. and A. B. Basin. 2011. Structure of the macrozoobenthic communities in the southwestern Kara Sea. Oceanology, 51, 1012-1020, doi: 10.1134/S0001437011060087.

Krause-Jensen, D., N. Marbà, et al. 2012. Seasonal sea ice cover as principal driver of spatial and temporal variation in depth extension and annual production of kelp in Greenland. Glob. Change Biol., 18, 2981-2994.

Link, H., P. Archambault, T. Tamelander, P. E. Renaud and D. Piepenburg. 2011. Spring-to-summer changes and regional variability of benthic processes in the western Canadian Arctic. Polar Biol., 34, 2025-2038.

Rand, K. M. and E. A. Logerwell. 2011. The first demersal trawl survey of benthic fish and invertebrates in the Beaufort Sea since the late 1970s. Polar Biol., 34, 475-488.

Sirenko, B. I. and S. V. Vassilenko. 2009. Fauna and zoogeography of benthos of the Chukchi Sea. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 61(69), 1-230.

Sólmundsson, J., E. Jónsson and H. Björnsson. 2007. Recent changes in the distribution of anglerfish in Icelandic waters (in Icelandic with English abstr.). Náttúrufræðingurinn, 1, 13-20.

Soltwedel and seventeen others. 2005. HAUSGARTEN: multidisciplinary investigations at a deep-sea, long-term observatory in the Arctic Ocean. Oceanography, 18(3), 46-61.

Waders (Shorebirds)

Amano, T., T. Székely, K. Koyama, H. Amano and W. J. Sutherland. 2010. A framework for monitoring the status of populations: an example from 3 wader populations in the East Asian-Australasian flyway. Biol. Conserv., 143, 2238-2247.

Andres, B. A., P. A. Smith, R. I. G. Morrison, C. L. Gratto-Trevor, S. C. Brown and C. A. Friis. 2012. Population estimates of North American shorebirds, 2012. Wader Study Group Bull., in press.

Balachandran, S. 2006. The decline in wader populations along the east coast of India with special reference to Point Calimere, south-east India. In Waterbirds around the World, G. C. Boere, C. Galbraith and D. A. Stroud (eds), The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 296-301.

Bart, J., S. Brown, B. Harrington and R. I. G. Morrison. 2007. Survey trends of North American shorebirds: population declines or shifting distributions. J. Avian Biol., 38, 73-82.

Bart, J. and V. Johnston (eds.). 2012. Arctic shorebirds in North America: A Decade of Monitoring. Studies in Avian Biology, 44, University of California Press, 320 pp.

Blew, J., K. Günther, K. Laursen, M. van Roomen, P. Südbeck, K. Eskildsen and P. Potel. 2007. Trends of waterbird populations in the International Wadden Sea 1987-2004 - an update. In Seriously Declining Trends in Migratory Waterbirds: Causes-Concerns-Consequences, B. Reineking and P. Südbeck (eds.), Proc. of the International Workshop, 31 August 2006, Wilhelmshaven, Germany, Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 23. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Wadden Sea National Park of Lower Saxony, Institute of Avian Research, Joint Monitoring Group of Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.

Boere, G. C. and D. A. Stroud. 2006. The flyway concept: What it is and what it isn't. In Waterbirds around the World, G. C. Boere, C. Galbraith and D. A. Stroud (eds,), The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 40-47.

CAFF. 2001. Arctic Flora and Fauna: Status and Conservation. Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF), Helsinki, Finland, 266 pp.

Harebottle, D. M and L. G. Underhill. 2006. The Arctic connection: Monitoring coastal waders in South Africa - a case study. In Waterbirds around the World, G. C. Boere, C. Galbraith and D. A. Stroud (eds,), The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 138-139.

Joint Monitoring of Migratory Birds (JMMB). 2011. Trends of migratory and wintering waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1987/88-2009/10. www.waddensea-secretariat.org, Wilhelmshaven Germany.

Ko, Y., D. K. Schubert and R. T. Hester. 2011. A conflict of greens: Green development versus habitat preservation - the case of Incheon, South Korea. Environment: Science & Policy for Sustainable Development, 53, 3-17.

MacKinnon, J., Y. Verkuil and N. Murray. 2012. IUCN situation analysis on East and Southeast Asian intertidal habitats, with particular reference to the Yellow Sea (including the Bohai Sea). Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 47. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. ii + 70pp. Also available at www.iucn.org/asiancoastalwetlands.

Morrison, R. I. G., B. J. McCaffery, R. E. Gill, S. K. Skagen, S. L. Jones, G. W. Page, C. L. Gratto-Trevor and B. A. Andres. 2006. Population estimates of North American shorebirds, 2006. Wader Study Group Bull., 111, 67-85.

Morrison, R. I. G., D. S. Mizrahi, R. K. Ross, O. H. Ottema, N. de Pracontal and A. Narine. 2012. Dramatic declines of Semipalmated sandpipers on their major wintering areas in the Guianas, northern South America. Waterbirds, 35(1), 120-134.

Murray, N. J., R. S. Clemens and R. A. Fuller. 2011. Massive losses of East Asian intertidal habitats detected by remote sensing. International Congress on Conservation Biology. Auckland, New Zealand.

North American Bird Conservation Initiative Canada. 2012. The state of Canada's birds, 2012. Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada 36pp.

Rogers, K.G. and K. Gosbell. 2006. Demographic models for Red-necked Stint and Curlew Sandpiper. Stilt 50: 205-214.

Smith, P. A., C. L. Gratto-Trevor, B. T. Collins, S. D. Fellows, R. B. Lanctot, J. Liebezeit, B. J. McCaffery, D. Tracy, J. Rausch, S. Kendall, S. Zack and H. R. Gates. 2012. Trends in abundance of Semipalmated sandpipers: Evidence from the Arctic. Waterbirds, 35(1), 106-119.

Wetlands International. 2012. Waterbird Population Estimates, Fifth Edition. Retrieved from wpe.wetlands.org.

Yang, H.-Y. B. Chen, M. Barter, T. Piersma, C.-F. Zhou, F.-S. Li and Z.-W. Zhang. 2011 Impacts of tidal land reclamation in Bohai Bay, China: Ongoing losses of critical Yellow Sea waterbird staging and wintering sites. Bird Conservation International, 21, 241-259.

Zöckler, C., T. Htin Hla, N. Clark, E. Syroechkovskiy, N. Yakushev, S. Daengphayon and R. Robinson. 2010a. Hunting in Myanmar: A major cause of the decline of the Spoon-billed Sandpiper. Wader Study Group Bull., 117, 1-8.

Zöckler, C., E. Syroechkovskiy and P. W. Atkinson. 2010b. Rapid and continued population decline in the Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmeus indicates imminent extinction unless conservation action is taken. Bird Conservation International, 20,95-111.

Zöckler, C. 2012. Status Threat and Protection of Arctic Waterbirds. In Protection of the Three Poles, F. Huettmann (ed.), Springer, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 203-216.

Zwarts, L, R. G. Bijlsma , J. van der Kamp and E. Wymenga. 2009. Living on the Edge: Wetlands and Birds in a Changing Sahel. KNNV Publisher Zeist, The Netherlands, 564 pp.

Vegetation

Aiken, S. G., M. J. Dallwitz, L. L. Consaul, C. L. McJannet, R. L. Boles, G. W. Argus, J. M. Gillett, P. J. Scott, R. Elven, M. C. LeBlanc, L. J. Gillespie, A. K. Brysting, H. Solstad, H. and J. G. Harris. 2007. Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa. http://nature.ca/aaflora/data, accessed on 25 September 2012.

AKEPIC. 2012. Alaska Exotic Plant Information Clearinghouse Database. Alaska Natural Heritage Program, University of Alaska Anchorage. http://aknhp.uaa.alaska.edu/maps/akepic/, accessed on 25 September 2012.

Beck, P. S. A. and S. J. Goetz. 2011. Satellite observations of high northern latitude vegetation productivity changes between 1982 and 2008: Ecological variability and regional differences. Environ. Res. Lett., 6, 045501.

Beck P. S. A. and S. J. Goetz. 2012. Corrigendum: Satellite observations of high northern latitude vegetation productivity changes between 1982 and 2008: ecological variability and regional differences. Environ. Res. Lett., 7, 029501.

Bhatt, U. S., D. A. Walker, M. K. Raynolds, J. C. Comiso, H. E. Epstein, J. Gensuo, R. Gens, J. E. Pinzon, C. J. Tucker, C. E. Tweedie and P. J. Webber. 2010. Circumpolar Arctic tundra vegetation change is linked to sea-ice decline. Earth Interactions, 14, 1-20.

Blok, D., U. Sass-Klaassen, G. Schaepman-Strub, M. M. P. D. Heijmans, P. Sauren and F. Berendse. 2011. What are the main climate drivers for shrub growth in Northeastern Siberian tundra? Biogeosci., 8, 169-1179.

Cahoon, S. M. P., P. F. Sullivan, E. Post and J. M. Welker. 2012. Large herbivores limit CO2 uptake and suppress carbon cycle responses to warming in West Greenland. Glob. Change Biol.,18, 469-479.

Callaghan, T. V., C. E. Tweedie, J. Åkerman, C. Andrews, J. Bergstedt, M. G. Butler, T. R. Christensen, D. Cooley, U. Dahlberg, R. K. Danby, F. J. A. Daniëls, J. G. de Molenaar, J. Dick, C. E. Mortensen, D. Ebert-May, U. Emanuelsson, H. Eriksson, H. Hedenås, G. H. R. Henry, D. S. Hik, J. E. Hobbie, E. J. Jantze, C. Jaspers, C. Johansson, M. Johansson, D. R. Johnson, J. F. Johnstone, C. Jonasson, C. Kennedy, A. J. Kenney, F. Keuper, S. Koh, C. J. Krebs, H. Lantuit, M. J. Lara, D. Lin, V. L. Lougheed, J. Madsen, N. Matveyeva, D. C. McEwen, I. H. Myers-Smith, Y. K. Narozhniy, H. Olsson, V. A. Pohjola, L. W. Price, F. Rigét, S. Rundqvist, A. Sandström, M. Tamstorf, R. V. Bogaert, S. Villarreal, P. J. Webber and V. A. Zemtsov. 2011. Multi-decadal changes in tundra environments and ecosystems: Synthesis of the International Polar Year Back to the Future Project (IPY-BTF). Ambio 40, 705-716.

Carlson, M. L., I. V. Lapina, M. Shephard, J. S. Conn, R. Densmore, P. Spencer, J. Heys, J. Riley and J. Nielsen. 2008. Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of Alaska. USDA, Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. R10, R10-TP-143. 218 pp.

Carlson, M. L. and M. Shephard. 2007. The spread of invasive exotic plants in Alaska: Is establishment of exotics accelerating? Harrington, T. B. and S. H. Reichard (eds.). Meeting the Challenge: Invasive Plants in Pacific Northwestern Ecosystems. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-694.

Conn, J., K. Beattie, M. Shephard, M. L. Carlson, I. V. Lapina, M. Hebert, R. Gronquist and M. Rasy. 2008. Alaska Melilotus (Fabaceae) invasions: Distribution, origin and susceptibility of plant communities. Arctic, Antarct. Alpine Res., 40, 298-308.

Daniëls, F. J. A. and J. G. de Molenaar. 2011. Flora and vegetation of Tasiilaq, Formerly Angmagssalik, Southeast Greenland - a comparison of data from between around 1900 and 2007. Ambio doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0171-3.

Elmendorf, S. C., G. H. R. Henry, R. D. Hollister, R. G. Bjork, A. D. Bjorkman, T. B. Callaghan, L. S. Collier, E. J. Cooper, J. H. C. Cornelissen, T. A. Day, A. M. Fosaa, W. A. Gould, J. Gretarsdottir, J. Harte, L. Hermanutz, D. S. Hik, A. Hofgaard, F. Jarrad, I. S. Jonsdottir, F. Keuper, K. Klanderud, J. S. Klein, S. Koh, G. Kudo, S. L. Land, V. Loewen, J. L. May, J. Mercado, A. Michelsen, U. Molau, I. H. Myers-Smith, S. F. Oberbauer, S. Pieper, E. Post, C. Rixen, C. H. Robinson, N. M. Schmidt, G. R. Shaver, A. Stenstrom, A. Tolvanen, O. Totland, T. Troxler, C. H. Wahren, P. J. Webber, J. M. Welker and P. A. Wookey. 2011a. Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation: heterogeneity over space and time. Ecol. Lett., 15, 164-175.

Elmendorf, S. C., G. H. R. Henry, R. D. Hollister, R. G. Bjork, N. Boulanger-Lapointe, E. J. Cooper, J. H. C. Cornelissen, T. A. Day, E. Dorrepaal, T. G. Elumeeva, M. Gill, W. A. Gould, J., Harte, D. S. Hik, A. Hofgaard, D. R. Johnson, J.F. Johnstone, I. S. Jonsdottir, J. C. Jorgenson, K. Klanderud, J. S. Klein, S. Koh, G. Kudo, M. Lara, E. Levesque, B. Magnusson, J. L. May, J. Mercado-Diaz, A. Michelsen, U. Molau, I. H. Myers-Smith, S. F. Oberbauer, V. G. Onipchenko, C. Rixen, N. M. Schmidt, G. R. Shaver, M. J. Spasojevic, P. E. Porhallsdottir, A. Tolvanen, T. Troxler, C. E. Tweedie, S. Villarreal, C. H. Wahren, X. Walker, P. J. Webber, J. M. Welker and S. Wipf. 2011b: Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent summer warming. Nature Climate Change, 2, 453-457.

Elven, R. and A. Elvebakk. 2006. Part 1. Vascular plants. In Catalogue of Svalbard Plants, Fungi, Algae, and Cyanobacteria, A. Elvebakk and P. Prestrud, A. Norsk Polaristitutt. Skrifter 198. Oslo, Norway.

Epstein, H. E., D. A. Walker, M. K. Raynolds, U. Bhatt, C. J. Tucker and J. E. Pinzon. 2012. Dynamics of aboveground phytomass of the circumpolar arctic tundra during the past three decades. Environ. Res. Lett., 7, 015506.

Forbes, B. C., M. M. Fauria and P. Zetterberg. 2010. Russian arctic warming and 'greening' are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows. Glob. Change Biol., 16, 1542-1554. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02047.x.

Hallinger, M., M. Manthey and M. Wilmking. 2010. Establishing a missing link: warm summers and winter snow cover promote shrub expansion into alpine tundra in Scandinavia. New Phytologist 186, 890-899. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03223.x.

Higuera, P. E., L. B. Brubaker, P. M. Anderson, T. A. Brown, A. T. Kennedy and F. S. Hu. 2008. Frequent fires in ancient shrub tundra: implications of paleorecords for arctic change. PLOS ONE, 3, e0001744.

Higuera, P. E., M. L. Chipman, J. L. Barnes, M. A. Urban and F.S. Hu. 2011. Variability of tundra fire regimes in Arctic Alaska: millennial-scale patterns and ecological implications, Ecol. Applic., 21, 3211-3226.

Hill, G. B. and G. H. R. Henry. 2011. Responses of high Arctic wet sedge tundra to climate warming since 1980. Glob. Change Biol., 17, 276-287.

Hu, F. S., P. E. Higuera, J. E. Walsh, W. L. Chapman, P. A. Duffy, L. B. Brubaker, M. L. Chipman. 2010. Tundra burning in Alaska: Linkages to climatic change and sea ice retreat. J. Geophys. Res. - Biogeosci., 115, G04002.

Hudon, J. M. G. and G. H. R. Henry. 2009. Increased plant biomass in a high Arctic heath community from 1981-2008. Ecology, 90, 2657-2663.

Hultén, E. 1968. Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.

Johnson, D. R., M. J. Lara, G. R. Shaver, G. O. Batzli, J. D. Shaw and C. E. Tweedie. 2011. Exclusion of brown lemmings reduces vascular plant cover and biomass in Arctic coastal tundra: Resampling of a 50+ year herbivore exclosure experiment near Barrow, Alaska. Environ. Res. Lett., 6, 045507.

Kitti, H., B. C. Forbes and J. Oksanen. 2009. Long- and short-term effects of reindeer grazing on tundra wetland vegetation. Polar Biol., 32, 253-261.

Lantz, T. C., P. Marsh, S. V. Kokelj. 2012. Recent shrub proliferation in the Mackenzie Delta uplands and microclimate implications. Ecosystems doi: 10.1007/s10021-012-9595-2.

Lawrence, D. M., A. G. Slater, R. A. Tomas, M. M. Holland and C. Deser. 2008. Accelerated Arctic land warming and permafrost degradation during rapid sea ice loss. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L11506.

Lin, D. H., D. R. Johnson, C. Andresen and C. E. Tweedie. 2012. High spatial resolution decade-time scale land cover change at multiple locations in the Beringian Arctic (1948-2000s). Environ. Res. Lett., 7, 025502.

Macias-Fauria, M., B. C. Forbes, P. Zetterberg and T. Kumpula. 2012. Eurasian Arctic greening reveals teleconnections and the potential for structurally novel ecosystems. Nature Climate Change, 2, 613-618.

Mack, M. C., S. Bret-Harte, T. N. Hollingsworth, R. R. Jandt, E. A. G. Schuur, G. R. Shaver and D. L. Verbyla. 2011. Carbon loss from an unprecedented Arctic tundra wildfire. Nature, 475, 489-492.

Madsen, J., C. Jaspers, M. Tamstorf, C. E. Mortensen and F. Rigét. 2011. Long-term effects of grazing and global warming on the composition and carrying capacity of graminoid marshes for moulting geese in East Greenland. Ambio doi:10.1007/x13280-011-0170-4.

Myers-Smith, I. H., B. C. Forbes, M. Wilmking, M. Hallinger, T. Lantz, D. Blok, K. D. Tape, M. Macias-Fauria, U. Sass-Klaassen, E. Lévesque, S. Boudreau, P. Ropars, L. Hermanutz, A. Trant, L. S. Collier, S. Weijers, J. Rozema, S. A. Rayback, N. M. Schmidt, G. Schaepman-Strub, S. Wipf, C. Rixen, C. B. Ménard, S. Venn, S. Goetz, L. Andreu-Hayles, S. Elmendorf, V. Ravolainen, J. Welker, P. Grogan, H. E. Epstein and D. S. Hik. 2011a. Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: dynamics, impacts and research priorities. Environ. Res. Lett., 6, 045509. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045509.

Myers-Smith, I. H., D. S. Hik, C. Kennedy, D. Cooley, J. F. Johnstone, A. J. Kennedy and C. J. Krebs. 2011b. Expansion of canopy-forming willows over the twentieth century on Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada. Ambio, 40, 610-623.

Naito, A. T. and D. M. Cairns. 2011. Patterns and processes of global shrub expansion. Progr. Phys. Geogr., 35, 423 -442. doi: 10.1177/0309133311403538.

Olofsson, J., L. Oksanen, T. Callaghan, P.E. Hulme, T. Oksanen and O. Suominen. 2009. Herbivores inhibit climate-driven shrub expansion on the tundra. Glob. Change Biol., 15, 2681-2693.

Panarctic Flora Project. 2000-2008. Analysis of vascular plant diversity circumpolar Arctic. Botanical Institute. V. L. Komarova RAS. http://www.binran.ru/projects/paf/diversity.htm#Вместо, accessed on 26 September 2012.

Rayback, S. A., A. Lini and G. H. Henry. 2011. Spatial variability of the dominant climate signal in Cassiope tetragona from sites in arctic Canada. Arctic, 64, 98-114.

Raynolds, M. K., D. A. Walker, H. E. Epstein, J. E. Pinzon and C. J. Tucker. 2012. A new estimate of tundra-biome phytomass from trans-Arctic field data and AVHRR NDVI. Remote Sens. Lett., 3, 403-411.

Rocha, A. V. and G. R. Shaver. 2011a. Burn severity influences postfire CO2 exchange in arctic tundra. Ecol. Applic., 21, 477-489.

Rocha, A. V. and G. R. Shaver. 2011b. Postfire energy exchange in arctic tundra: The importance and climatic implications of burn severity. Glob. Change Biol., 17, 2831-2841.

Rogers, M. C., P. F. Sullivan and J. M Welker. 2011. Evidence of nonlinearity in the response of net ecosystem CO2 exchange to increasing levels of winter snow depth in the High Arctic of northwest Greenland. Arctic Antarct. Alpine Res., 43, 95-106.

Schmidt, N. M., C. Baittinger, J. Kollmann, and M. C. Forchhammer. 2010. Consistent dendrochronological response of the dioecious Salix arctica to variation in local snow precipitation across gender and vegetation types. Arctic Antarct. Alpine Res., 42, 471-475. doi: 10.1657/1938-4246-42.4.471.

Tape, K. D., M. Hallinger, J. M. Welker and R. W. Ruess. 2012. Landscape heterogeneity of shrub expansion in Arctic Alaska. Ecosystems doi:10.1007/s10021-012-9540-4.

Villarreal, S., R. D. Hollister, D. R. Johnson, M. J. Lara, P. J. Webber and C. E. Tweedie. 2012. Tundra vegetation change near Barrow, Alaska (1972-2010). Environ. Res. Lett., 7, 015508.

Walker, M. D., C. H. Wahren, R. D. Hollister, G. H. R. Henry, L. E. Ahlquist, J. M. Alatalo, M. S. Bret-Harte, M. P. Calef, T. V. Callaghan, A. B. Carroll, H. E. Epstein, I. S. Jonsdottir, J. A. Klein, B. Magnusson, U. Molau, S. F. Oberbauer, S. P. Rewa, C. H. Robinson, G. R. Shaver, K. N. Suding, C. C. Thompson, A. Tolvanen, O. Totland, P. L. Turner, C. E. Tweedie, P. J. Webber and P.A. Wookey. 2006. Plant community responses to experimental warming across the tundra biome. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA., 103, 1342-1346.

Weijers, S., R. Broekman and J. Rozema. 2010. Dendrochronology in the High Arctic: July air temperatures reconstructed from annual shoot length growth of the circumarctic dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona. Quat. Sci. Rev., 29, 3831-3842. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.09.003.

Wein, R. W. 1977: Frequency and characteristics of arctic tundra fires. Arctic, 29, 213-222.

Yu, Q., H. E. Epstein, D. A. Walker, G. V. Frost and B. C. Forbes. 2011: Modeling dynamics of tundra plant communities on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia, in response to climate change and grazing pressure. Environ. Res. Lett., 6, 045505.

Zeng, H., G. Jia and H. Epstein, 2011: Recent changes in phenology over the northern high-latitudes detected from multi-satellite data. Environ. Res. Lett., 6, 045508.

Lemmings

Duchesne, D., Gauthier. G. and Berteaux, D. 2011. Habitat selection, reproduction and predation of wintering lemmings in the Arctic. Oecologia, 167, 967-980.

Ebbinge, B. S. and Y. L. Masurov. 2005. Pristine wilderness of the Taimyr Peninsula: 2004 report. Heritage Institute, Moscow.

Gauthier, G., J. Bêty, J. F. Giroux, J.F. and L. Rochefort. 2004. Trophic interactions in a high Arctic Snow Goose colony. Integrative and Comparative Biol., 44, 119-129.

Gilg, O., I. Hanski I. and B. Sittler. 2003. Cyclic dynamics in a simple vertebrate predator-prey community. Science, 302, 866-868.

Gilg, O., B. Sittler, B. Sabard, A. Hurstel, R. Sané, P. Delattre and I. Hanski. 2006. Functional and numerical responses of four lemming predators in high Arctic Greenland. Oikos, 113,193-216.

Gilg, O., B. Sittler and I. Hanski. 2009. Climate change and cyclic predator-prey population dynamics in the high Arctic. Glob. Change Biol., 15, 2634-2652.

Gruyer, N., G. Gauthier and D. Berteaux. 2008. Cyclic dynamics of sympatric lemming populations on Bylot Island, Nunavut, Canada. Can. J. Zool., 86, 910-917.

Ims, R. A. and E. Fuglei. 2005. Trophic interaction cycles in tundra ecosystems and the impact of climate change. BioSci., 55, 311-322.

Ims, R. A., N. G. Yoccoz and S. Killengreen. 2011. Determinants of lemming outbreaks. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 108, 1970-1974.

Jarrell, G. H. and K Fredga. 1993. How many kinds of lemmings? A taxonomic overview. In The Biology of Lemmings, N. C. Stenseth and R. A. Ims (eds.), pp 45-57, Linnean Society Symposium Series No. 15. Academic Press, London.

Johnson, D. R., M. J. Lara, G. R. Shaver, G. O. Batzli, J. D. Shaw and C. E. Tweedie. 2011. Exclusion of brown lemmings reduces vascular plant cover and biomass in Arctic coastal tundra: resampling of a 50+ year herbivore exclosure experiment near Barrow, Alaska. Environ. Res. Lett., 6, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045507.

Kokorev, Y. I. and V. A. Kuksov. 2002. Population dynamics of lemmings, Lemmus sibiricus and Dicrostonyx torquatus, and Arctic fox Alopex lagopus on the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia, 1960-2001. Ornis Svecica, 12, 139-143.

Krebs, C. J., R. Boonstra and A. J. Kenney. 1995. Population dynamics of the collared lemming and the tundra vole at Pearce Point, Northwest Territories, Canada. Oecologia, 103, 481-489.

Krebs, C. J., A. J. Kenney, S. Gilbert, K. Danell, A. Angerbjörn, S. Erlinge, R. G. Bromley, C. Shank and S. Carrière. 2002. Synchrony in lemming and vole populations in the Canadian Arctic. Can. J. Zool., 80, 1323-1333.

Larter, N. C. 1998. Collared lemming abundance, diet and morphometrics on Banks Island, 1993-1996. Manuscript Report No. 107. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of Northwest Territories, Inuvik.

MacLean, S. F., B. M. Fitzgerald and F. A. Pitelka. 1974. Population cycles in Arctic lemmings: winter preproduction and predation by weasels. Arct. Alpine Res., 6, 1-12.

Maher, W. J. 1967. Predation by weasels on a winter population of lemmings, Banks Island, Northwest Territories. Can. Field-Naturalist, 81, 248-250.

Menyushina, I. E., D. E. Ehrich, J.-A. Henden, R. A. Ims and N. G. Ovsyanikov. 2012. The nature of lemming cycles on Wrangel: an island without small mustelids. Oecologia, doi: 10.1007/s00442-012-2319-7.

Olofsson, J., L. Oksanen, T. Callaghan, P. E. Hulme, T. Oksanen and O. Suominen. 2009. Herbivores inhibit climate-driven shrub expansion on the tundra. Glob. Change Biol., 15, 2681-2693.

Olofsson, J., H. Tømmervik and T. V. Callaghan. 2012. Vole and lemming activity observed from space. Nature Climate Change, 1, 220-223.

Parks Canada. 2009. Aulavik National Park monitoring program: Lemming winter nest surveys. Western Arctic Field Unit, Parks Canada Agency, Inuvik.

Popov, I. Y. 2009. Some characteristics of lemming inhabitance in western Taimyr: problems of animals study and protection in the north. In Proceedings of All-Russian Scientific Conference, A. Taskaev (ed.), pp 194-196. Komi Science Centre, Institute of Biology and Ministry of Komi Republic on Natural Resources and Environmental Protection, Syktyvkar. [In Russian].

Reid, D. G., F. Bilodeau, C. J. Krebs, G. Gauthier, A. J. Kenney, S. Gilbert, M. C. Leung, D. Duchesne and E. Hofer. 2011. Lemming winter habitat choice: A snow-fencing experiment. Oecologia, doi 10.1007/s00442-011-2167-x.

Schmidt, N. M., T. B. Berg, M. C. Forschhammer, D. K. Hendrichsen, L. A. Kyhn, H. Meltofte H. and T. T. Høye. 2008. Vertebrate predator-prey interactions in a seasonal environment. Adv.Ecol. Res., 40, 345-370.

Schmidt, N. M., R. A. Ims, T. T. Høye, O. Gilg, L. H. Hansen, J. Hansen, M. Lund, E. Fuglei, M. C. Forchhammer and B. Sittler. 2012. Response of an Arctic predator guild to collapsing lemming cycles. Proc. Roy. Soc. B, doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1490.

Stenseth, N. C. and R. A. Ims. 1993. Population dynamics of lemmings: temporal and spatial variation - an introduction. In The Biology of Lemmings, N. C. Stenseth and R.A. Ims (eds.), pp 61-96, Linnean Society Symposium Series No. 15, Academic Press, London.

Arctic Fox

ABA. Unpublished. Arctic Biodiversity Synthesis and Recommendations. CAFF International Secretariat, Akureiri, Iceland, scheduled for publication in 2013.

Angerbjörn A., P. Hersteinsson and M. Tannerfeldt. 2004. Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus). In Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs - Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. D. W. Macdonald and C. Sillero-Zubiri (eds), 117-123, IUCN, Gland.

Cadieux, M.-C., G. Gauthier, C.-A. Gagnon, E. Lévesque, J. Bêty and D. Berteaux. 2008. Monitoring the environmental and ecological impacts of climate change on Bylot Island, Sirmilik National Park. 2004-2008 Final Report. Université Laval. 113 pp.

Cameron, C., D. Berteaux and F. Dufresne. 2011. Spatial variation in food availability predicts extrapair paternity in the arctic fox. Behavioral Ecol., 22, 1364-1373.

Dalén, L., K. Kvaløy J. D. C. Linnell, B. Elmhagen, O. Strand, M. Tannerfeldt, H. Henttonen, E. Fuglei, A. Landa and A. Angerbjörn. 2006. Population structure, genetic variation and dispersal in a critically endangered arctic fox population. Mol. Ecol., 15, 2809-2819.

Dalerum, F., M. Tannerfeldt, B. Elmhagen., D. Becker and A. Angerbjörn. 2002. Distribution, morphology and use of arctic fox dens in Sweden. Wildlife Biol., 8, 187-194.

Gagnon, C. A. and D. Berteaux. 2009. Integrating traditional ecological knowledge and ecological science: A question of scale. Ecol. Soc., 14, 19.

Gallant, D., B. G. Slough, D. G. Reid and D. Berteaux. 2012. Arctic fox versus red fox in the warming Arctic: four decades of den surveys in north Yukon. Polar Biol., doi 10.1007/s00300-012-1181-8.

Killengreen, S. T., N. Lecomte, D. Ehrich, T. Schott, N. G. Yoccoz and R. A. Ims. 2011. The importance of marine vs. human induced subsidies in the maintenance of an expanding mesocarnivore in the Arctic tundra. J. Anim. Ecol., 80, 1049-1060.

Killengreen, S.T., E. Strømseng, N. G. Yoccoz and R. A. Ims. 2012. How ecological neighbourhoods influence the structure of the scavenger guild in low arctic tundra. Diversity & Distributions, 18, 563-574.

MacPherson, A. H. 1964. A Northward Range Extension of the Red Fox in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. J. Mammal., 45(1), 138-140.

Norén, K., P. Hersteinsson, G. Samelius, N. E. Eide, E. Fuglei, B. Elmhagen, L. Dalén, T. Meijer and A. Angerbjörn. 2012. From monogamy to complexity: Social organization of arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in contrasting ecosystems. Can J. Zool., 90, 1102-1116.

Sawtell, S. 2005. Pond Inlet. In Encyclopedia of the Arctic, M. Nuttall (Ed.), pp. 1682. New York: Routledge.

Tannerfeldt, M., B. Elmhagen and A. Angerbjörn. 2002. Exclusion by interference competition? The relationship between red and arctic foxes. Oecologia, 132:213-220.

Tannerfeldt, M. and A. Angerbjörn. 1998. Fluctuating resources and the evolution of litter size in the arctic fox. Oikos, 83(3), 545-559.

Thomas, C. D. 1990. What do real population dynamics tell us about minimum viable population sizes? Conserv. Biol., 4(3), 324-327.

Traill, L. W., J. A. Bradshaw and B. W. Brook. 2007. Minimum viable population size: A meta-analysis of 30 years of published estimates. Biol. Conserv., 139(1-2), 159-166.

Caribou & Reindeer

Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 2011a. Press release - Western Arctic caribou Herd count revised. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=pressreleases.pr03242011.

Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 2011b. Press release - Porcupine Caribou Herd shows growth. http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=pressreleases.pr03022011.

Campbell, M., J. Boulanger and D. Lee. Demographic Effects of an Outbreak of Brucella suis On Island Bound Barren-Ground Caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) Southampton Island Nunavut. Presented at the 13th Arctic Ungulate Conference, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada, August, 2011, in press.

Campbell, M., J. Nishi and J. Boulanger. 2010. A calving ground photo survey of the Qamanirjuaq migratory barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) population -- June 2008. Technical Report Series 2010 No. 1-10. Government of Nunavut. 129 p.

CARMA. 2011. Circumarctic Monitoring and Assessment (CARMA) Network Web site www.carmanetwork.com.

Couturier, S., D. Jean, R. Otto and S. Rivard. 2004. Demography of the migratory tundra caribou (Rangifer tarandus) of the Nord-du-québec region and Labrador. Ministère des Ressources Naturelles, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, and Direction de la recherche sur la faune. Québec. 68 p.

Cuyler, C. 2007. West Greenland caribou explosion: What happened? What about the future? Proceedings of the 11th North American Caribou Workshop, Jasper, Alberta, Canada, 23-27 April 2006. Rangifer, Special Issue, 17, 219-226.

Government of NWT. 2010. Press release - Survey results of Bluenose East caribou herd released. Website: http://www.enr.gov.nt.ca/_live/documents/content/Survey_Results_Bluenose-East_Caribou_Herd.pdf.

Gunn, A., K. G. Poole and J. S. Nishi. 2012a. A conceptual model for migratory tundra caribou to explain and predict why shifts in spatial fidelity of breeding cows to their calving grounds are infrequent. Rangifer, Special Issue, 20, 259-267.

Gunn, A., K. G. Poole, J. Wierzchowski , J. S. Nishi, J. Adamczewski, D. Russell and A. D'Hont. 2012b. The influence of geography and abundance on the Ahiak caribou calving grounds, Nunavut, Canada. Presentation at 2012 Arctic Ungulate Conference and submitted to Rangifer.

Gunn, A. and D. R. Russell. 2011. Northern Caribou Population Trends. Canadian Biodiversity: Ecosystem Status and Trends, 2010 Technical Thematic Report Series No. 10. Canadian Councils of Resource Ministers. Ottawa, iv+55 p.

Gunn A., D. R. Russell, R. White and G. Kofinas. 2009. Facing a future of change: Migratory caribou and reindeer. Arctic, 62(3), 3-4.

Klokov, K. 2004. Russia. Chapter Family-Based Reindeer Herding and Hunting Economies, and the Status and Management of Wild Reindeer/Caribou Populations. Sustainable Development Program, Arctic Council, Published by Centre for Saami Studies, University of Tromsø.

Kolpashikov, L., V. Makhailov and D. Russell. In press. The role of harvest in the dynamics of the Taimyr wild reindeer herd: Lessons for North America.

Lenart, E. A. 2009. Units 26B and 26C caribou. Pages 299-325 in P. Harper. Editor. Caribou Management report of survey and inventory activities 1 July 2006 - 30 June 2008. Alaska Department of Fish and game. Project 3.0 Juneau, Alaska, USA.

Lund, E. 2004. Wild reindeer in Norway. In Family-Based Reindeer Herding and Hunting Economies, and the Status and Management of Wild Reindeer/Caribou Populations, B. Ulvevadet and K. Klokov (eds.). Sustainable Development Program, Arctic Council, Published by Centre for Saami Studies, University of Tromsø.

Nagy, J. A, D. H. Johnson, M. W. Campbell, A. Kelly, N. C. Larter and A. E. Derocher. 2010. The Beverly barren-ground caribou herd has not disappeared: It just changed calving grounds. Unpublished abstract, 25-28 October 2010, 13th North American Caribou Workshop, Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Nagy, J. A., D. L. Johnson, N. C. Larter, M. W. Campbell, A. E. Derocher, A. Kelly, M. Dumond, D. Allaire, D. and B. Croft. 2011. Subpopulation structure of caribou (Rangifer tarandus L.) in Arctic and sub-Arctic Canada. Ecol. Applic., 21, 2334-2348.

Nunatsiaq News. 2012. Nunavut orders strict caribou quota for Southampton Island. http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/stories/article/65674nunavut_orders_strict_caribou_quota_for_southampton_island/.

Parrett, L. S. 2009. Unit 26A. Teshekpuk caribou herd. In Caribou Management Report of Survey and Inventory Activities, 1 July 2006 - 30 June 2008, P. Harper (ed.), 271-298. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Project 3.0, Juneau, Alaska, USA.

Ressources naturelles et Faune. 2010. Results of the George River Caribou Herd census [online]. Government of Quebec. http://www.mrn.gouv.qc.ca/english/press/press-release-detail.jsp?id=8713 (accessed 23 December, 2010). Press release.

Thórisson, S. 1984. The history of reindeer in Iceland and reindeer study 1979-1981. Rangifer, 4 (2), 22-38.

Snow

Brasnett, B. 1999. A global analysis of snow depth for numerical weather prediction. J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 726-740.

Brohan, P., J. J. Kennedy, I. Harris, S. F. B. Tett and P. D. Jones. 2006. Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: A new data set from 1850. J. Geophys. Res.,111: D12106, doi:10.1029/2005JD006548.

Brown, R. and D. Robinson. 2011 Northern Hemisphere spring snow cover variability and change over 1922-2010 including an assessment of uncertainty. The Cryosphere, 5, 219-229.

Callaghan, T., M. Johansson, R. Brown, P. Groisman, N. Labba, V. Radionov, R. Barry, O. Bulygina, R. Essery, D Frolov, V. Golubev, T. Grenfell, M. Petrushina, V. Razuvaev, D. Robinson, P. Romanov, D. Shindell, A. Shmakin, S. Sokratov, S. Warren and D. Yang. 2011. The changing face of Arctic snow cover: A synthesis of observed and projected changes. Ambio, 40, 17-31.

Derksen, C. and R. Brown. 2012. Spring snow cover extent reductions in the 2008-2012 period exceeding climate model projections. Geophys. Res. Lett., doi:10.1029/2012GL053387 (in press).

Serreze, M., A. Barrett and J. Stroeve. 2012. Recent changes in tropospheric water vapor over the Arctic as assessed from radiosondes and atmospheric reanalyses. J. Geophys. Res., 117: D10104, doi:10.1029/2011JD017421.

Glaciers & Ice Caps

Cogley, J. G., R. Hock, L. A. Rasmussen, A. A. Arendt, A. Bauder, R. J. Braithwaite, P. Jansson, G. Kaser, M. Möller, L. Nicholson and M. Zemp, 2011, Glossary of Glacier Mass Balance and Related Terms, IHP-VII Technical Documents in Hydrology No. 86, IACS Contribution No. 2, UNESCO-IHP, Paris.

Gardner, A. S. and M. Sharp. 2007. Influence of the Arctic circumpolar vortex on the mass balance of Canadian high Arctic glaciers. J. Climate, 20, 4586-4598.

Gardner, A. S., G. Moholdt, B. Wouters, G. J. Wolken, J. G. Cogley, D. O. Burgess, M. J. Sharp, C. Braun and C. Labine, 2011. Sharply increased mass loss from glaciers and ice caps in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Nature, 473, 357-360.

Jacob, T., J. Wahr, W. T. Pfeffer and S. Swenson. 2012. Recent contributions of glaciers and ice caps to sea level rise. Nature, 482, 514-518.

Meier, M. F., M. B. Dyurgerov, U. K. Rick, S. O'Neel, W. T. Pfeffer, R. S. Anderson, S. P. Anderson and A. F. Glazovsky. 2007. Glaciers dominate eustatic sea level rise in the 21st century. Science, 317, 1064-1067.

Sharp, M. and G. Wolken. 2011. Glaciers and Ice Caps (Outside Greenland). In Arctic Report Card 2011, http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/reportcard.

Sharp, M. and G. Wolken. 2012. Glaciers and Ice Caps (Outside Greenland). [in State of the Climate in 2011], Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 93(7), S149-S150.

Sharp, M., D. O. Burgess, J. G. Cogley, M. Ecclestone, C. Labine and G. J. Wolken. 2011. Extreme melt on Canada's Arctic ice caps in the 21st century. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L11501, doi:10.1029/2011GL047381.

Tedesco, M., J. E. Box, J. Cappellen, T. Mote, R. S. W. van der Wal and J. Wahr. 2012. Greenland Ice Sheet. [in State of the Climate in 2011], Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 93(7), S150-S153.

World Glacier Monitoring Service. 2012. Preliminary glacier mass balance data 2009 and 2010. http://www.geo.uzh.ch/microsite/wgms/mbb/sum10.html. Accessed September 29, 2012.

Greenland Ice Sheet

Box, J. E. and A. E. Cohen. 2006. Upper-air temperatures around Greenland: 1964-2005. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L12706, doi:10.1029/2006GL025723.

Box, J. E., R. J., Benson, D. Decker and D. H. Bromwich. 2009a. Greenland ice sheet snow line variations 2000-2008, Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, 22-27 March, 2009.

Box, J. E., L. Yang, D.H. Browmich and L-S. Bai. 2009b. Greenland ice sheet surface air temperature variability: 1840-2007. J. Climate, 22(14), 4029-4049, doi:10.1175/2009jcli2816.1.

Box, J. E. and D. T. Decker. 2011. Greenland marine-terminating glacier area changes: 2000-2010. Ann. Glaciol., 52(59) 91-98.

Box, J. E. and fifteen others. 2011. Greenland Ice Sheet. In Arctic Report Card 2011, http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/reportcard.

Box, J. E., X. Fettweis, J. C. Stroeve, M. Tedesco, D. K. Hall and K. Steffen. Greenland ice sheet albedo feedback: thermodynamics and atmospheric drivers. The Cryosphere, 6, 821-839, doi:10.5194/tc-6-821-2012, 2012.

Howat, I. M. and A. Eddy. 2011. Multidecadal retreat of Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers. J. Glaciol., 57(203), 389-396.

Mote, T. L. and M. R. Anderson. 1995. Variations in melt on the Greenland ice sheet based on passive microwave measurements. J. Glaciol., 41, 51-60.

Nghiem, S. V., D. K. Hall, T. L. Mote, M. Tedesco, M. R. Albert, K. Keegan, C. A. Shuman, N. E. DiGirolamo and G. Neuman. 2012. The extreme melt across the Greenland Ice Sheet in 2012. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L20502, doi:10.1029/2012GL053611.

Tedesco, M. 2007. Snowmelt detection over the Greenland ice sheet from SSM/I brightness temperature daily variations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L02504, doi:10.1029/2006GL028466.

Tedesco, M. 2009. Assessment and development of snowmelt retrieval algorithms over Antarctica from K-band spaceborne brightness temperature (1979-2008). Remote Sens. Environ., 113(2009), 979-997.

Velicogna, I. and J. Wahr. 2006. Acceleration of Greenland ice mass loss in spring 2004. Nature, 443(7109), 329-331. doi:10.1038/Nature05168.

van de Wal, R. S. W., W. Greuell, M. R. van den Broeke, C.H. Reijmer and J. Oerlemans. 2005. Surface mass-balance observations and automatic weather station data along a transect near Kangerlussuaq, West Greenland. Ann. Glaciol., 42, 311-316.

van de Wal, R. S. W., W. Boot, C. J. P. P. Smeets, H. Snellen, M. R. van den Broeke and J. Oerlemans. 2012. Twenty-one years of mass balance observations along the K-transect, West Greenland. Earth Sys. Sci. Data, 5, 351-363, doi:10.5194/essdd-5-351-2012.

Permafrost

Åkerman, H. J. and M. Johansson. 2008. Thawing permafrost and thicker active layers in sub-arctic Sweden. Permafr. Periglac. Process., 19, 279-292. doi:10.1002/ppp.626.

Brown J., A. Kholodov V. Romanovsky K. Yoshikawa S. Smith H. Christiansen, G. Viera and J. Noetzli. 2010. The Thermal State of Permafrost: the IPY-IPA snapshot (2007-2009). In Proceedings of the 63rd Canadian Geotechnical Conference & 6th Canadian Permafrost Conference, Calgary, Canada, September 2010, 12-16, 6 pp.

Burn C. R. and S. V. Kokelj. 2009. The environment and permafrost of the Mackenzie Delta area. Permafr. Periglac. Process., 20(2), 83-105, doi: 10.1002/ppp.655.

Callaghan, T. V., F. Bergholm, T. R. Christensen, C. Jonasson, U. Kokfelt and M. Johansson. 2010. A new climate era in the sub-Arctic: Accelerating climate changes and multiple impacts. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14705, doi:10.1029/2009GL042064.

Christiansen, H. H., B. Etzelmüller, K. Isaksen, H. Juliussen, H. Farbrot, O. Humlum, M. Johansson, T. Ingeman-Nielsen, L. Kristensen, J. Hjort, P. Holmlund, A. B. K. Sannel, C. Sigsgaard, H. J. Åkerman, N. Foged, L. H. Blikra, M. A. Pernosky and R. Ødegård. 2010. The Thermal State of Permafrost in the Nordic area during the International Polar Year. Permafr. Periglac. Process., 21, 156-181, doi: 10.1002/ppp.687.

Derksen, C., S. L. Smith, M. Sharp, L. Brown, S. Howell, L. Copland, D. R. Mueller, Y. Gauthier, C. Fletcher, A. Tivy, M. Bernier, J. Bourgeois, R. Brown, C. R. Burn, C. Duguay, P. Kushner, A. Langlois, A. G. Lewkowicz, A. Royer and A. Walker. 2012. Variability and change in the Canadian cryosphere. Climatic Change, 115, 59-88. doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0470-0.

Drozdov, D. S., G. V. Malkova, N. G. Ukraintseva and Yu. V. Korostelev. 2012, Permafrost Monitoring of Southern Tundra Landscapes in the Russian European North and West Siberia. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Permafrost, Salekhard, Russia, June 25 - 29, 2012, Vol. 2, 65-70.

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