Surface Air Temperature
Ballinger, T. J., and Coauthors, 2021: Surface air temperature. Arctic Report Card 2021, T. A. Moon, M. L. Druckenmiller, and R. L. Thoman, Eds., https://doi.org/10.25923/53xd-9k68.
Chylek, P., C. Folland, J. D. Klett, M. Wang, N. Hengartner, G. Lesins, and M. K. Dubey, 2022: Annual mean Arctic amplification 1970-2020: Observed and simulated by CMIP6 climate models. Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e2022GL099371, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099371.
England, M. R., I. Eisenman, N. J. Lutsko, and T. J. W. Wagner, 2021: The recent emergence of Arctic amplification. Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2021GL094086, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094086.
Hersbach, H., and Coauthors, 2020: The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 1999-2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.
Hansen, J., R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K. Lo, 2010: Global surface temperature change. Rev. Geophys., 48, RG4004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010RG000345.
Lenssen, N., G. Schmidt, J. Hansen, M. Menne, A. Persin, R. Ruedy, and D. Zyss, 2019: Improvements in the GISTEMP uncertainty model. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124, 6307-6326, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029522.
Mamen, J., H. T. T. Tajet, and K. Tunheim, 2022: Klimatologisk månedsoversikt, June 2022, MET info no. 6/2022 (In Norwegian), ISSN 1894-759X.
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Osborn, T. J., P. D. Jones, D. H. Lister, C. P. Morice, I. R. Simpson, J. P. Winn, E. Hogan, and I. C. Harris, 2021: Land surface air temperature variations across the globe updated to 2019: the CRUTEM5 dataset. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126, e2019JD032352, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032352.
Previdi, M., K. L. Smith, and L. M. Polvani, 2021: Arctic amplification of climate change: a review of underlying mechanisms. Environ. Res. Lett., 16, 093003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1c29.
Rantanen, M., A. Y. Karpechko, A. Lipponen, K. Nordling, O. Hyvärinen, K. Ruosteenoja, T. Vihma, and A. Laaksonen, 2022: The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979. Commun. Earth Env., 3, 168, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00498-3.
Walsh, J. E., T. J. Ballinger, E. S. Euskirchen, E. Hanna, J. Mård, J. E. Overland, H. Tangen, and T. Vihma, 2020: Extreme weather and climate events in northern areas: A review. Earth-Sci. Rev., 209, 103324, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103324.
Yu, Y., W. Xiao, Z. Zhang, X. Cheng, F. Hui, and J. Zhao, 2021: Evaluation of 2-m air temperature and surface temperature from ERA5 and ERA-I using buoy observations in the arctic during 2010-2020. Remote Sens., 13, 2813, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142813.
Terrestrial Snow Cover
Brown, R. D., and C. Derksen, 2013: Is Eurasian October snow cover extent increasing? Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 024006, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024006.
Brown, R., and Coauthors, 2017: Arctic terrestrial snow cover. In: Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) 2017. pp. 25-64. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway.
Brun, E., V. Vionnet, A. Boone, B. Decharme, Y. Peings, R. Valette, F. Karbou, and S. Morin, 2013: Simulation of Northern Eurasian local snow depth, mass, and density using a detailed snowpack model and meteorological reanalyses. J. Hydrometeor., 14, 203-219, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-12-012.1.
Estilow, T. W., A. H. Young, and D. A. Robinson, 2015: A long-term Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent data record for climate studies and monitoring. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 137-142, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-137-2015.
Gelaro, R., and Coauthors, 2017: The Modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2). J. Climate, 30, 5419-5454, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0758.1.
GMAO (Global Modeling and Assimilation Office), 2015: MERRA-2tavg1_2d_lnd_Nx:2d, 1-Hourly, Time-Averaged, Single-Level, Assimilation, Land Surface Diagnostics V5.12.4, Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GESDISC), accessed: 16 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5067/RKPHT8KC1Y1T.
Luojus, K., and Coauthors, 2022: ESA Snow Climate Change Initiative (Snow_cci): Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) level 3C daily global climate research data package (CRDP) (1979 – 2020), version 2.0. NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis, accessed: 16 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5285/4647cc9ad3c044439d6c643208d3c494.
Meredith, M., and Coauthors, 2019: Polar Regions. IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, H. -O. Pörtner, and co-editors, in press, https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/.
Mortimer, C., L. Mudryk, C. Derksen, K. Luojus, R. Brown, R. Kelly, and M. Tedesco, 2020: Evaluation of long-term Northern Hemisphere snow water equivalent products. Cryosphere, 14, 1579-1594, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1579-2020.
Mudryk, L. R., P. J. Kushner, C. Derksen, and C. Thackeray, 2017: Snow cover response to temperature in observational and climate model ensembles. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 919-926, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071789.
Mudryk, L., M. Santolaria-Otín, G. Krinner, M. Ménégoz, C. Derksen, C. Brutel-Vuilmet, M. Brady, and R. Essery, 2020: Historical Northern Hemisphere snow cover trends and projected changes in the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble. Cryosphere, 14, 2495-2514, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2495-2020.
Muñoz Sabater, J., 2019: ERA5-Land hourly data from 1950 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), accessed 8 September 2022, https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.e2161bac.
Robinson, D. A., T. W. Estilow, and NOAA CDR Program, 2012: NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Northern Hemisphere (NH) Snow Cover Extent (SCE), Version 1 [r01]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, accessed: 16 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.7289/V5N014G9.
U.S. National Ice Center, 2008: IMS Daily Northern Hemisphere Snow and Ice Analysis at 1 km, 4 km, and 24 km Resolutions, Version 1. Boulder, Colorado USA. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center, accessed: 22 Aug 2022, https://doi.org/10.7265/N52R3PMC.
Precipitation
Becker, A., P. Finger, A. Meyer-Christoffer, B. Rudolf , K. Schamm, U. Schneider, and M. Ziese, 2013: A description of the global land-surface precipitation data products of the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre with sample applications including centennial (trend) analysis from 1901-present. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5(1), 71-99, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-71-2013.
Hersbach, H. B., and Coauthors, 2020: The ERA5 global reanalysis. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 1999-2049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803.
Hurtado, S. I., 2020: RobustLinearReg: Robust Linear Regressions. R package version 1.2.0, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RobustLinearReg.
IPCC, 2021: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2-6, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896, in press.
Kusunoki, S., R. Mizuta R., and M. Hosaka, 2015: Future changes in precipitation intensity over the Arctic projected by a global atmospheric model with a 60-km grid size. Polar Sci., 9, 277-292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2015.08.001.
Loeb, N. A., A. Crawford, J. C. Stroeve, and J. Hanesiak, 2022: Extreme precipitation in the eastern Canadian Arctic and Greenland: An evaluation of atmospheric reanalyses. Front. Env. Sci., 10, 866929, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.866929.
McCrystall, M., J. Stroeve, M. C. Serreze, B. C. Forbes, and J. Screen, 2021: New climate models reveal faster and larger increases in Arctic precipitation than previously projected. Nat. Commun., 12(1), 6765, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27031-y.
Schneider, U., P. Finger, E. Rustemeier, M. Ziese, and S. Hänsel, 2022: Global precipitation analysis products of the GPCC, https://opendata.dwd.de/climate_environment/GPCC/PDF/GPCC_intro_products_v2022.pdf.
Sillmann J., V. V. Kharin, F. W. Zwiers, X. Zhang, and D. Bronaugh, 2013: Climate extremes indices in the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble: Part 2. Future climate projections. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 2473-2493, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50188.
Walsh, J. E., T. J. Ballinger, E. S. Euskirchen, E. Hanna, J. Mård, J. E. Overland, H. Tangen, and T. Vihma, 2020: Extreme weather and climate events in northern areas: A review. Earth-Sci. Rev., 209, 103324, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103324.
White, J., J. E. Walsh, and R. L. Thoman, Jr., 2021: Using Bayesian statistics to detect trends in Alaskan precipitation. Int. J. Climatol., 41(3), 2045-2059, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6946.
Ye, H., D. Yang, A. Behrangi, S. L. Stuefer, X. Pan, E. Mekis, Y. Dibike, and J. E. Walsh, 2021: Precipitation Characteristics and Changes. Chapter 2 in Arctic Hydrology, Permafrost and Ecosystems (D. Yang and D.L. Kane, Eds.), Springer Nature Switzerland, 914 pp., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50930-9_2.
Yu, L., and S. Zhong, 2021: Trends in Arctic seasonal and extreme precipitation in recent decades. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 145, 1541-1559, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03717-7.
Greenland Ice Sheet
Box, J. E., D. van As, and K. Steffen, 2017: Greenland, Canadian and Icelandic land ice albedo grids (2000-2016). GEUS Bull., 38, 53-56, https://doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v38.4414.
Hopwood, M. J., and Coauthors, 2020: Review article: How does glacier discharge affect marine biogeochemistry and primary production in the Arctic? Cryosphere, 14, 1347-1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1347-2020.
Kokhanovsky, A., J. E. Box, B. Vandecrux, K. D. Mankoff, M. Lamare, A. Smirnov, and M. Kern, 2020: The determination of snow albedo from satellite measurements using fast atmospheric correction technique. Remote Sens., 12, 234, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12020234.
MacFerrin, M., and Coauthors, 2019: Rapid expansion of Greenland’s low-permeability ice slabs. Nature, 573, 403-407, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1550-3.
Mankoff, K. D., A. Solgaard, W. Colgan, A. P. Ahlstrøm, S. A. Khan, and R. S. Fausto, 2020: Greenland ice sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 through March 2020. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 1367-1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1367-2020.
Mankoff, K. D., and Coauthors, 2021: Greenland ice sheet mass balance from 1840 through next week. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 5001-5025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-5001-2021.
Morlighem, M., and Coauthors, 2017: BedMachine v3: Complete bed topography and ocean bathymetry mapping of Greenland from multibeam echo sounding combined with mass conservation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 44(21), 11051-11061, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074954.
Mote, T. L., 2007: Greenland surface melt trends 1973-2007: Evidence of a large increase in 2007. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L22507, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031976.
Mouginot, J., and Coauthors, 2019: Forty-six years of Greenland ice sheet mass balance from 1972 to 2018. P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 116(19), 9239-9244, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904242116.
Ryan, J. C., L. C. Smith, D. van As, S. W. Cooley, M. G. Cooper, L. H. Pitcher, and A. Hubbard, 2019: Greenland ice sheet surface melt amplified by snowline migration and bare ice exposure. Sci. Adv., 5, eaav3738, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3738.
van As, D., R. S. Fausto, J. Cappelen, R. S. van de Wa, R. J. Braithwaite, H. Machguth, and PROMICE project team, 2016: Placing Greenland ice sheet ablation measurements in a multi-decadal context. GEUS Bull., 35, 71-74, https://doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v35.4942.
Wehrlé, A., J. E. Box, A. M. Anesio, and R. S. Fausto, 2021: Greenland bare ice albedo from PROMICE automatic weather station measurements and Sentinel-3 satellite observations. GEUS Bull., 47, 5284, https://doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v47.5284.
Sea Ice
Cavalieri, D. J., C. L. Parkinson, P. Gloersen, and H. J. Zwally, 1996 (updated yearly): Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data, Version 1. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, Boulder, CO, USA, accessed 27 August 2022, https://doi.org/10.5067/8GQ8LZQVL0VL.
Comiso, J. C., W. N. Meier, and R. Gersten, 2017: Variability and trends in the Arctic sea ice cover: Results from different techniques. J. Geophys. Res., 122, 6883-6900, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012768.
Fetterer, F., K. Knowles, W. N. Meier, M. Savoie, and A. K. Windnagel, 2017 (updated daily): Sea Ice Index, Version 3. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO, USA, accessed 2 October 2022, https://doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8.
Ivanova, N., O. M. Johannessen, L. T. Pedersen, and R. T. Tonboe, 2014: Retrieval of Arctic sea ice parameters by satellite passive microwave sensors: A comparison of eleven sea ice concentration algorithms. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens., 52(11), 7233-7246, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2014.2310136.
Kern, S., T. Lavergne, D. Notz, L. T. Pedersen, R. T. Tonboe, R. Saldo, and A. M.Sørensen, 2019: Satellite passive microwave sea-ice concentration data set intercomparison: closed ice and ship-based observations. Cryosphere, 13, 3261-3307, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3261-2019.
Lavergne, T., and Coauthors, 2019: Version 2 of the EUMETSAT OSI SAF and ESA CCI sea-ice concentration climate data records. Cryosphere, 13, 49-78, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-49-2019.
Meier, W. N., J. S. Stewart, H. Wilcox, M. A. Hardman, and D. J. Scott, 2021: Near-Real-Time DMSP SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Sea Ice Concentrations, Version 2 [Data Set]. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, Boulder, CO, USA, accessed 2 October 2022, https://doi.org/10.5067/YTTHO2FJQ97K.
Petty, A. A., N. T. Kurtz, R. Kwok, T. Markus, and T. A. Neumann, 2020: Winter Arctic sea ice thickness from ICESat-2 freeboards. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 125, e2019JC015764, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015764.
Petty, A. A., N. Kurtz, R. Kwok, T. Markus, and T. A. Neumann, 2021: ICESat-2 L4 Monthly Gridded Sea Ice Thickness, Version 1. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, Boulder, CO, USA, accessed 9 September 2022, https://doi.org/10.5067/CV6JEXEE31HF.
Petty, A. A., N. Keeney, A. Cabaj, P. Kushner, and M. Bagnardi, 2022: Winter Arctic sea ice thickness from ICESat-2: upgrades to freeboard and snow loading estimates and an assessment of the first three winters of data collection. Cryosphere Discuss, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2022-39, in review.
Ricker, R., S. Hendricks, L. Kaleschke, X. Tian-Kunze, J. King, and C. Haas, 2017: A weekly Arctic sea-ice thickness data record from merged CryoSat-2 and SMOS satellite data. Cryosphere, 11, 1607-1623, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1607-2017.
Sumata, H., L. de Steur, S. Gerland, D. V. Divine, and O. Pavlova, 2022: Unprecedented decline of Arctic sea ice outflow in 2018. Nat. Comm., 13, 1747, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29470-7.
Tschudi, M., W. N. Meier, J. S. Stewart, C. Fowler, and J. Maslanik, 2019a: EASE-Grid Sea Ice Age, Version 4. [March, 1984-2020]. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, Boulder, CO, USA, accessed 1 September 2022, https://doi.org/10.5067/UTAV7490FEPB.
Tschudi, M., W. N. Meier, and J. S. Stewart, 2019b: Quicklook Arctic Weekly EASE-Grid Sea Ice Age, Version 1. [March, 2021]. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, Boulder, CO, USA, accessed 3 October 2022, https://doi.org/10.5067/2XXGZY3DUGNQ.
Tschudi, M. A., W. N. Meier, and J.S. Stewart, 2020: An enhancement to sea ice motion and age products at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Cryosphere, 14, 1519-1536, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1519-2020.
Sea Surface Temperature
Huang, B., C. Liu, V. Banzon, E. Freeman, G. Graham, B. Hankins, T. Smith, and H. Zhang, 2021: Improvements of the Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (DOISST) Version 2.1. J. Climate, 34(8), 2923-2939, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0166.1.
Meier, W. N., F. Fetterer, A. K. Windnagel, and J. S. Stewart, 2021a: NOAA/NSIDC Climate Data Record of Passive Microwave Sea Ice Concentration, Version 4. [1982-2021]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center, accessed 10 September 2022, https://doi.org/10.7265/efmz-2t65.
Meier, W. N., F. Fetterer, A. K. Windnagel, and J. S. Stewart, 2021b: Near-Real-Time NOAA/NSIDC Climate Data Record of Passive Microwave Sea Ice Concentration, Version 2. [1982-2021], accessed 10 September 2022, https://doi.org/10.7265/tgam-yv28.
Peng, G., W. N. Meier, D. J. Scott, and M. H. Savoie, 2013: A long-term and reproducible passive microwave sea ice concentration data record for climate studies and monitoring. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 311-318, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-311-2013.
Reynolds, R. W., N. A. Rayner, T. M. Smith, D. C. Stokes, and W. Wang, 2002: An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate. J. Climate, 15, 1609-1625, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1609:AIISAS>2.0.CO;2.
Reynolds, R. W., T. M. Smith, C. Liu, D. B. Chelton, K. S. Casey, and M. G. Schlax, 2007: Daily high-resolution-blended analyses for sea surface temperature. J. Climate, 20, 5473-5496, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1824.1, and see http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.noaa.oisst.v2.html.
Stroh, J. N., G. Panteleev, S. Kirillov, M. Makhotin, and N. Shakhova, 2015: Sea-surface temperature and salinity product comparison against external in situ data in the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 120, 7223-7236, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011005.
Timmermans, M. -L., and Z. M. Labe, 2021: Sea surface temperature. Arctic Report Card 2021, T. A. Moon, M. L. Druckenmiller, and R. L. Thoman, Eds., https://doi.org/10.25923/2y8r-0e49.
Arctic Ocean Primary Productivity: The Response of Marine Algae to Climate Warming and Sea Ice Decline
Ardyna, M., M. Babin, E. Devered, A. Forest, M. Gosselin, P. Raimbault, and J. -É. Tremblay, 2017: Shelf-basin gradients shape ecological phytoplankton niches and community composition in the coastal Arctic Ocean (Beaufort Sea). Limnol. Oceanogr., 62, 2113-2132, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10554.
Ardyna M., and Coauthors, 2020: Under-ice phytoplankton blooms: Shedding light on the “invisible” part of Arctic primary production. Front. Mar. Sci., 7, 608032, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.608032.
Behrenfeld, M. J., and P. G. Falkowski, 1997: Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration. Limnol. Oceanogr., 42(1), 1-20, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.1.0001.
Bouman, H. A., T. Jackson, S. Sathyendranath, and T. Platt, 2020: Vertical structure in chlorophyll profiles: influence on primary production in the Arctic Ocean. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A, 378, 20190351, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0351.
Comiso, J. C., 2015: Variability and trends of the global sea ice covers and sea level: Effects on physicochemical parameters. Climate and Fresh Water Toxins, L. M. Botana, M. C. Lauzao, and N. Vilarino, Eds., De Gruyter, Berlin, Germany, https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110333596-003.
Comiso, J. C., W. N. Meier, and R. Gersten, 2017: Variability and trends in the Arctic Sea ice cover: Results from different techniques. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 6883-6900, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012768.
Cooper L. W., and J. M. Grebmeier, 2022: A chlorophyll biomass time-series for the Distributed Biological Observatory in the context of seasonal sea ice declines in the Pacific Arctic region. Geosciences, 12(8), 307, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12080307.
Crawford, A. D., K. M. Krumhardt, N. S. Lovenduski, G. L. Van Dijken, and K. R. Arrigo, 2020: Summer high-wind events and phytoplankton productivity in the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 125, e2020JC016565, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jc016565.
Frey, K. E., J. C. Comiso, L. W. Cooper, J. M. Grebmeier, and L. V. Stock, 2021: Arctic ocean primary productivity: The response of marine algae to climate warming and sea ice decline. Arctic Report Card 2021, T. A. Moon, M. L. Druckenmiller, and R. L. Thoman, Eds., https://doi.org/10.25923/kxhb-dw16.
Gaffey, C. B., K. E. Frey, L. W. Cooper, and J. M. Grebmeier, 2022: Phytoplankton bloom stages estimated from chlorophyll pigment proportions suggest delayed summer production in low sea ice years in the northern Bering Sea. PLoS ONE, 17, e0267586, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267586.
Holding, J. M., and Coauthors, 2015: Temperature dependence of CO2-enhanced primary production in the European Arctic Ocean. Nat. Climate Change, 5, 1079-1082, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2768.
Hopwood, M. J., and Coauthors, 2020: Review article: How does glacier discharge affect marine biogeochemistry and primary production in the Arctic? Cryosphere, 14, 1347-1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1347-2020.
Lewis, K. M., and K. R. Arrigo, 2020: Ocean color algorithms for estimating chlorophyll a, CDOM absorption, and particle backscattering in the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 125, e2019JC015706, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015706.
Mundy, C. J., and Coauthors, 2009: Contribution of under-ice primary production to an ice edge upwelling phytoplankton bloom in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L17601, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038837.
Popova, E. E., A. Yool, A. C. Coward, Y. K. Aksenov, S. G. Alderson, A. de Cuevas, and T. R. Anderson, 2010: Control of primary production in the Arctic by nutrients and light: insights from a high-resolution ocean general circulation model. Biogeosciences, 7, 3569-3591, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3569-2010.
Terhaar, J., R. Lauerwald, P. Regnier, N. Gruber, and L. Bopp, 2021: Around one third of current Arctic Ocean primary production sustained by rivers and coastal erosion. Nat. Comm., 12, 169, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20470-z.
von Appen, W. J., and Coauthors, 2021: Sea-ice derived meltwater stratification slows the biological carbon pump: results from continuous observations. Nat. Comm., 12, 7309, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26943-z.
Tundra Greenness
Berner, L. T., and S. J. Goetz, 2022: Satellite observations document trends consistent with a boreal forest biome shift. Glob. Change Biol., 28(10), 3275-3292, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16121.
Bhatt, U. S., and Coauthors, 2021: Climate drivers of Arctic tundra variability and change using an indicators framework. Environ. Res. Lett., 16, 055019, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abe676.
CAVM Team, 2003: Circumpolar Arctic vegetation map (1:7,500,000 scale). Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) Map No. 1 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK.
Christensen, T. R., and Coauthors, 2021: Multiple ecosystem effects of extreme weather events in the Arctic. Ecosystems, 24, 122-136, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00507-6.
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Arctic Geese of North America
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Lessons from Oceans Melting Greenland, a NASA Airborne Mission
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Partnering in Search of Answers: Seabird Die-offs in the Bering and Chukchi Seas
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Consequences of Rapid Environmental Arctic Change for People
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